Merge tag 'random-6.2-rc1-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/crng/random

Pull random number generator updates from Jason Donenfeld:

 - Replace prandom_u32_max() and various open-coded variants of it,
   there is now a new family of functions that uses fast rejection
   sampling to choose properly uniformly random numbers within an
   interval:

       get_random_u32_below(ceil) - [0, ceil)
       get_random_u32_above(floor) - (floor, U32_MAX]
       get_random_u32_inclusive(floor, ceil) - [floor, ceil]

   Coccinelle was used to convert all current users of
   prandom_u32_max(), as well as many open-coded patterns, resulting in
   improvements throughout the tree.

   I'll have a "late" 6.1-rc1 pull for you that removes the now unused
   prandom_u32_max() function, just in case any other trees add a new
   use case of it that needs to converted. According to linux-next,
   there may be two trivial cases of prandom_u32_max() reintroductions
   that are fixable with a 's/.../.../'. So I'll have for you a final
   conversion patch doing that alongside the removal patch during the
   second week.

   This is a treewide change that touches many files throughout.

 - More consistent use of get_random_canary().

 - Updates to comments, documentation, tests, headers, and
   simplification in configuration.

 - The arch_get_random*_early() abstraction was only used by arm64 and
   wasn't entirely useful, so this has been replaced by code that works
   in all relevant contexts.

 - The kernel will use and manage random seeds in non-volatile EFI
   variables, refreshing a variable with a fresh seed when the RNG is
   initialized. The RNG GUID namespace is then hidden from efivarfs to
   prevent accidental leakage.

   These changes are split into random.c infrastructure code used in the
   EFI subsystem, in this pull request, and related support inside of
   EFISTUB, in Ard's EFI tree. These are co-dependent for full
   functionality, but the order of merging doesn't matter.

 - Part of the infrastructure added for the EFI support is also used for
   an improvement to the way vsprintf initializes its siphash key,
   replacing an sleep loop wart.

 - The hardware RNG framework now always calls its correct random.c
   input function, add_hwgenerator_randomness(), rather than sometimes
   going through helpers better suited for other cases.

 - The add_latent_entropy() function has long been called from the fork
   handler, but is a no-op when the latent entropy gcc plugin isn't
   used, which is fine for the purposes of latent entropy.

   But it was missing out on the cycle counter that was also being mixed
   in beside the latent entropy variable. So now, if the latent entropy
   gcc plugin isn't enabled, add_latent_entropy() will expand to a call
   to add_device_randomness(NULL, 0), which adds a cycle counter,
   without the absent latent entropy variable.

 - The RNG is now reseeded from a delayed worker, rather than on demand
   when used. Always running from a worker allows it to make use of the
   CPU RNG on platforms like S390x, whose instructions are too slow to
   do so from interrupts. It also has the effect of adding in new inputs
   more frequently with more regularity, amounting to a long term
   transcript of random values. Plus, it helps a bit with the upcoming
   vDSO implementation (which isn't yet ready for 6.2).

 - The jitter entropy algorithm now tries to execute on many different
   CPUs, round-robining, in hopes of hitting even more memory latencies
   and other unpredictable effects. It also will mix in a cycle counter
   when the entropy timer fires, in addition to being mixed in from the
   main loop, to account more explicitly for fluctuations in that timer
   firing. And the state it touches is now kept within the same cache
   line, so that it's assured that the different execution contexts will
   cause latencies.

* tag 'random-6.2-rc1-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/crng/random: (23 commits)
  random: include <linux/once.h> in the right header
  random: align entropy_timer_state to cache line
  random: mix in cycle counter when jitter timer fires
  random: spread out jitter callback to different CPUs
  random: remove extraneous period and add a missing one in comments
  efi: random: refresh non-volatile random seed when RNG is initialized
  vsprintf: initialize siphash key using notifier
  random: add back async readiness notifier
  random: reseed in delayed work rather than on-demand
  random: always mix cycle counter in add_latent_entropy()
  hw_random: use add_hwgenerator_randomness() for early entropy
  random: modernize documentation comment on get_random_bytes()
  random: adjust comment to account for removed function
  random: remove early archrandom abstraction
  random: use random.trust_{bootloader,cpu} command line option only
  stackprotector: actually use get_random_canary()
  stackprotector: move get_random_canary() into stackprotector.h
  treewide: use get_random_u32_inclusive() when possible
  treewide: use get_random_u32_{above,below}() instead of manual loop
  treewide: use get_random_u32_below() instead of deprecated function
  ...

42 files changed, 277 insertions, 200 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/block/drbd/drbd_receiver.c b/drivers/block/drbd/drbd_receiver.c
index ee69d50ba4fd..3eccc6cd5004 100644
--- a/drivers/block/drbd/drbd_receiver.c
+++ b/drivers/block/drbd/drbd_receiver.c
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ static struct socket *drbd_wait_for_connect(struct drbd_connection *connection,
 
 	timeo = connect_int * HZ;
 	/* 28.5% random jitter */
-	timeo += prandom_u32_max(2) ? timeo / 7 : -timeo / 7;
+	timeo += get_random_u32_below(2) ? timeo / 7 : -timeo / 7;
 
 	err = wait_for_completion_interruptible_timeout(&ad->door_bell, timeo);
 	if (err <= 0)
@@ -1004,7 +1004,7 @@ retry:
 				drbd_warn(connection, "Error receiving initial packet\n");
 				sock_release(s);
 randomize:
-				if (prandom_u32_max(2))
+				if (get_random_u32_below(2))
 					goto retry;
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/drivers/bus/mhi/host/internal.h b/drivers/bus/mhi/host/internal.h
index 01fd10a399b6..2e139e76de4c 100644
--- a/drivers/bus/mhi/host/internal.h
+++ b/drivers/bus/mhi/host/internal.h
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ enum mhi_pm_state {
 #define PRIMARY_CMD_RING				0
 #define MHI_DEV_WAKE_DB					127
 #define MHI_MAX_MTU					0xffff
-#define MHI_RANDOM_U32_NONZERO(bmsk)			(prandom_u32_max(bmsk) + 1)
+#define MHI_RANDOM_U32_NONZERO(bmsk)			(get_random_u32_inclusive(1, bmsk))
 
 enum mhi_er_type {
 	MHI_ER_TYPE_INVALID = 0x0,
diff --git a/drivers/char/Kconfig b/drivers/char/Kconfig
index 0f378d29dab0..30fe9848dac1 100644
--- a/drivers/char/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/char/Kconfig
@@ -423,40 +423,4 @@ config ADI
 	  and SSM (Silicon Secured Memory).  Intended consumers of this
 	  driver include crash and makedumpfile.
 
-config RANDOM_TRUST_CPU
-	bool "Initialize RNG using CPU RNG instructions"
-	default y
-	help
-	  Initialize the RNG using random numbers supplied by the CPU's
-	  RNG instructions (e.g. RDRAND), if supported and available. These
-	  random numbers are never used directly, but are rather hashed into
-	  the main input pool, and this happens regardless of whether or not
-	  this option is enabled. Instead, this option controls whether the
-	  they are credited and hence can initialize the RNG. Additionally,
-	  other sources of randomness are always used, regardless of this
-	  setting.  Enabling this implies trusting that the CPU can supply high
-	  quality and non-backdoored random numbers.
-
-	  Say Y here unless you have reason to mistrust your CPU or believe
-	  its RNG facilities may be faulty. This may also be configured at
-	  boot time with "random.trust_cpu=on/off".
-
-config RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER
-	bool "Initialize RNG using bootloader-supplied seed"
-	default y
-	help
-	  Initialize the RNG using a seed supplied by the bootloader or boot
-	  environment (e.g. EFI or a bootloader-generated device tree). This
-	  seed is not used directly, but is rather hashed into the main input
-	  pool, and this happens regardless of whether or not this option is
-	  enabled. Instead, this option controls whether the seed is credited
-	  and hence can initialize the RNG. Additionally, other sources of
-	  randomness are always used, regardless of this setting. Enabling
-	  this implies trusting that the bootloader can supply high quality and
-	  non-backdoored seeds.
-
-	  Say Y here unless you have reason to mistrust your bootloader or
-	  believe its RNG facilities may be faulty. This may also be configured
-	  at boot time with "random.trust_bootloader=on/off".
-
 endmenu
diff --git a/drivers/char/hw_random/core.c b/drivers/char/hw_random/core.c
index cc002b0c2f0c..63a0a8e4505d 100644
--- a/drivers/char/hw_random/core.c
+++ b/drivers/char/hw_random/core.c
@@ -69,8 +69,10 @@ static void add_early_randomness(struct hwrng *rng)
 	mutex_lock(&reading_mutex);
 	bytes_read = rng_get_data(rng, rng_fillbuf, 32, 0);
 	mutex_unlock(&reading_mutex);
-	if (bytes_read > 0)
-		add_device_randomness(rng_fillbuf, bytes_read);
+	if (bytes_read > 0) {
+		size_t entropy = bytes_read * 8 * rng->quality / 1024;
+		add_hwgenerator_randomness(rng_fillbuf, bytes_read, entropy, false);
+	}
 }
 
 static inline void cleanup_rng(struct kref *kref)
@@ -528,7 +530,7 @@ static int hwrng_fillfn(void *unused)
 
 		/* Outside lock, sure, but y'know: randomness. */
 		add_hwgenerator_randomness((void *)rng_fillbuf, rc,
-					   entropy >> 10);
+					   entropy >> 10, true);
 	}
 	hwrng_fill = NULL;
 	return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/char/random.c b/drivers/char/random.c
index 69754155300e..e872acc1238f 100644
--- a/drivers/char/random.c
+++ b/drivers/char/random.c
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/suspend.h>
 #include <linux/siphash.h>
+#include <linux/sched/isolation.h>
 #include <crypto/chacha.h>
 #include <crypto/blake2s.h>
 #include <asm/processor.h>
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ static DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(crng_is_ready);
 /* Various types of waiters for crng_init->CRNG_READY transition. */
 static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(crng_init_wait);
 static struct fasync_struct *fasync;
+static ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(random_ready_notifier);
 
 /* Control how we warn userspace. */
 static struct ratelimit_state urandom_warning =
@@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ static void try_to_generate_entropy(void);
  * Wait for the input pool to be seeded and thus guaranteed to supply
  * cryptographically secure random numbers. This applies to: the /dev/urandom
  * device, the get_random_bytes function, and the get_random_{u8,u16,u32,u64,
- * int,long} family of functions. Using any of these functions without first
+ * long} family of functions. Using any of these functions without first
  * calling this function forfeits the guarantee of security.
  *
  * Returns: 0 if the input pool has been seeded.
@@ -140,6 +142,26 @@ int wait_for_random_bytes(void)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_random_bytes);
 
+/*
+ * Add a callback function that will be invoked when the crng is initialised,
+ * or immediately if it already has been. Only use this is you are absolutely
+ * sure it is required. Most users should instead be able to test
+ * `rng_is_initialized()` on demand, or make use of `get_random_bytes_wait()`.
+ */
+int __cold execute_with_initialized_rng(struct notifier_block *nb)
+{
+	unsigned long flags;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&random_ready_notifier.lock, flags);
+	if (crng_ready())
+		nb->notifier_call(nb, 0, NULL);
+	else
+		ret = raw_notifier_chain_register((struct raw_notifier_head *)&random_ready_notifier.head, nb);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&random_ready_notifier.lock, flags);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 #define warn_unseeded_randomness() \
 	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM) && !crng_ready()) \
 		printk_deferred(KERN_NOTICE "random: %s called from %pS with crng_init=%d\n", \
@@ -160,6 +182,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(wait_for_random_bytes);
  *	u8 get_random_u8()
  *	u16 get_random_u16()
  *	u32 get_random_u32()
+ *	u32 get_random_u32_below(u32 ceil)
+ *	u32 get_random_u32_above(u32 floor)
+ *	u32 get_random_u32_inclusive(u32 floor, u32 ceil)
  *	u64 get_random_u64()
  *	unsigned long get_random_long()
  *
@@ -179,7 +204,6 @@ enum {
 
 static struct {
 	u8 key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE] __aligned(__alignof__(long));
-	unsigned long birth;
 	unsigned long generation;
 	spinlock_t lock;
 } base_crng = {
@@ -197,16 +221,41 @@ static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct crng, crngs) = {
 	.lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(crngs.lock),
 };
 
+/*
+ * Return the interval until the next reseeding, which is normally
+ * CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL, but during early boot, it is at an interval
+ * proportional to the uptime.
+ */
+static unsigned int crng_reseed_interval(void)
+{
+	static bool early_boot = true;
+
+	if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(early_boot))) {
+		time64_t uptime = ktime_get_seconds();
+		if (uptime >= CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL / HZ * 2)
+			WRITE_ONCE(early_boot, false);
+		else
+			return max_t(unsigned int, CRNG_RESEED_START_INTERVAL,
+				     (unsigned int)uptime / 2 * HZ);
+	}
+	return CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL;
+}
+
 /* Used by crng_reseed() and crng_make_state() to extract a new seed from the input pool. */
 static void extract_entropy(void *buf, size_t len);
 
 /* This extracts a new crng key from the input pool. */
-static void crng_reseed(void)
+static void crng_reseed(struct work_struct *work)
 {
+	static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(next_reseed, crng_reseed);
 	unsigned long flags;
 	unsigned long next_gen;
 	u8 key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE];
 
+	/* Immediately schedule the next reseeding, so that it fires sooner rather than later. */
+	if (likely(system_unbound_wq))
+		queue_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq, &next_reseed, crng_reseed_interval());
+
 	extract_entropy(key, sizeof(key));
 
 	/*
@@ -221,7 +270,6 @@ static void crng_reseed(void)
 	if (next_gen == ULONG_MAX)
 		++next_gen;
 	WRITE_ONCE(base_crng.generation, next_gen);
-	WRITE_ONCE(base_crng.birth, jiffies);
 	if (!static_branch_likely(&crng_is_ready))
 		crng_init = CRNG_READY;
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&base_crng.lock, flags);
@@ -261,26 +309,6 @@ static void crng_fast_key_erasure(u8 key[CHACHA_KEY_SIZE],
 }
 
 /*
- * Return the interval until the next reseeding, which is normally
- * CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL, but during early boot, it is at an interval
- * proportional to the uptime.
- */
-static unsigned int crng_reseed_interval(void)
-{
-	static bool early_boot = true;
-
-	if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(early_boot))) {
-		time64_t uptime = ktime_get_seconds();
-		if (uptime >= CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL / HZ * 2)
-			WRITE_ONCE(early_boot, false);
-		else
-			return max_t(unsigned int, CRNG_RESEED_START_INTERVAL,
-				     (unsigned int)uptime / 2 * HZ);
-	}
-	return CRNG_RESEED_INTERVAL;
-}
-
-/*
  * This function returns a ChaCha state that you may use for generating
  * random data. It also returns up to 32 bytes on its own of random data
  * that may be used; random_data_len may not be greater than 32.
@@ -315,13 +343,6 @@ static void crng_make_state(u32 chacha_state[CHACHA_STATE_WORDS],
 			return;
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If the base_crng is old enough, we reseed, which in turn bumps the
-	 * generation counter that we check below.
-	 */
-	if (unlikely(time_is_before_jiffies(READ_ONCE(base_crng.birth) + crng_reseed_interval())))
-		crng_reseed();
-
 	local_lock_irqsave(&crngs.lock, flags);
 	crng = raw_cpu_ptr(&crngs);
 
@@ -383,11 +404,11 @@ static void _get_random_bytes(void *buf, size_t len)
 }
 
 /*
- * This function is the exported kernel interface. It returns some number of
- * good random numbers, suitable for key generation, seeding TCP sequence
- * numbers, etc. In order to ensure that the randomness returned by this
- * function is okay, the function wait_for_random_bytes() should be called and
- * return 0 at least once at any point prior.
+ * This returns random bytes in arbitrary quantities. The quality of the
+ * random bytes is good as /dev/urandom. In order to ensure that the
+ * randomness provided by this function is okay, the function
+ * wait_for_random_bytes() should be called and return 0 at least once
+ * at any point prior.
  */
 void get_random_bytes(void *buf, size_t len)
 {
@@ -510,6 +531,41 @@ DEFINE_BATCHED_ENTROPY(u16)
 DEFINE_BATCHED_ENTROPY(u32)
 DEFINE_BATCHED_ENTROPY(u64)
 
+u32 __get_random_u32_below(u32 ceil)
+{
+	/*
+	 * This is the slow path for variable ceil. It is still fast, most of
+	 * the time, by doing traditional reciprocal multiplication and
+	 * opportunistically comparing the lower half to ceil itself, before
+	 * falling back to computing a larger bound, and then rejecting samples
+	 * whose lower half would indicate a range indivisible by ceil. The use
+	 * of `-ceil % ceil` is analogous to `2^32 % ceil`, but is computable
+	 * in 32-bits.
+	 */
+	u32 rand = get_random_u32();
+	u64 mult;
+
+	/*
+	 * This function is technically undefined for ceil == 0, and in fact
+	 * for the non-underscored constant version in the header, we build bug
+	 * on that. But for the non-constant case, it's convenient to have that
+	 * evaluate to being a straight call to get_random_u32(), so that
+	 * get_random_u32_inclusive() can work over its whole range without
+	 * undefined behavior.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(!ceil))
+		return rand;
+
+	mult = (u64)ceil * rand;
+	if (unlikely((u32)mult < ceil)) {
+		u32 bound = -ceil % ceil;
+		while (unlikely((u32)mult < bound))
+			mult = (u64)ceil * get_random_u32();
+	}
+	return mult >> 32;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_random_u32_below);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 /*
  * This function is called when the CPU is coming up, with entry
@@ -660,9 +716,10 @@ static void __cold _credit_init_bits(size_t bits)
 	} while (!try_cmpxchg(&input_pool.init_bits, &orig, new));
 
 	if (orig < POOL_READY_BITS && new >= POOL_READY_BITS) {
-		crng_reseed(); /* Sets crng_init to CRNG_READY under base_crng.lock. */
+		crng_reseed(NULL); /* Sets crng_init to CRNG_READY under base_crng.lock. */
 		if (static_key_initialized)
 			execute_in_process_context(crng_set_ready, &set_ready);
+		atomic_notifier_call_chain(&random_ready_notifier, 0, NULL);
 		wake_up_interruptible(&crng_init_wait);
 		kill_fasync(&fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
 		pr_notice("crng init done\n");
@@ -689,7 +746,7 @@ static void __cold _credit_init_bits(size_t bits)
  * the above entropy accumulation routines:
  *
  *	void add_device_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len);
- *	void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len, size_t entropy);
+ *	void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len, size_t entropy, bool sleep_after);
  *	void add_bootloader_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len);
  *	void add_vmfork_randomness(const void *unique_vm_id, size_t len);
  *	void add_interrupt_randomness(int irq);
@@ -710,7 +767,7 @@ static void __cold _credit_init_bits(size_t bits)
  *
  * add_bootloader_randomness() is called by bootloader drivers, such as EFI
  * and device tree, and credits its input depending on whether or not the
- * configuration option CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER is set.
+ * command line option 'random.trust_bootloader'.
  *
  * add_vmfork_randomness() adds a unique (but not necessarily secret) ID
  * representing the current instance of a VM to the pool, without crediting,
@@ -736,8 +793,8 @@ static void __cold _credit_init_bits(size_t bits)
  *
  **********************************************************************/
 
-static bool trust_cpu __initdata = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_CPU);
-static bool trust_bootloader __initdata = IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER);
+static bool trust_cpu __initdata = true;
+static bool trust_bootloader __initdata = true;
 static int __init parse_trust_cpu(char *arg)
 {
 	return kstrtobool(arg, &trust_cpu);
@@ -768,7 +825,7 @@ static int random_pm_notification(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long actio
 	if (crng_ready() && (action == PM_RESTORE_PREPARE ||
 	    (action == PM_POST_SUSPEND && !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP) &&
 	     !IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PM_USERSPACE_AUTOSLEEP)))) {
-		crng_reseed();
+		crng_reseed(NULL);
 		pr_notice("crng reseeded on system resumption\n");
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -791,13 +848,13 @@ void __init random_init_early(const char *command_line)
 #endif
 
 	for (i = 0, arch_bits = sizeof(entropy) * 8; i < ARRAY_SIZE(entropy);) {
-		longs = arch_get_random_seed_longs_early(entropy, ARRAY_SIZE(entropy) - i);
+		longs = arch_get_random_seed_longs(entropy, ARRAY_SIZE(entropy) - i);
 		if (longs) {
 			_mix_pool_bytes(entropy, sizeof(*entropy) * longs);
 			i += longs;
 			continue;
 		}
-		longs = arch_get_random_longs_early(entropy, ARRAY_SIZE(entropy) - i);
+		longs = arch_get_random_longs(entropy, ARRAY_SIZE(entropy) - i);
 		if (longs) {
 			_mix_pool_bytes(entropy, sizeof(*entropy) * longs);
 			i += longs;
@@ -812,7 +869,7 @@ void __init random_init_early(const char *command_line)
 
 	/* Reseed if already seeded by earlier phases. */
 	if (crng_ready())
-		crng_reseed();
+		crng_reseed(NULL);
 	else if (trust_cpu)
 		_credit_init_bits(arch_bits);
 }
@@ -840,7 +897,7 @@ void __init random_init(void)
 
 	/* Reseed if already seeded by earlier phases. */
 	if (crng_ready())
-		crng_reseed();
+		crng_reseed(NULL);
 
 	WARN_ON(register_pm_notifier(&pm_notifier));
 
@@ -869,11 +926,11 @@ void add_device_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len)
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_device_randomness);
 
 /*
- * Interface for in-kernel drivers of true hardware RNGs.
- * Those devices may produce endless random bits and will be throttled
- * when our pool is full.
+ * Interface for in-kernel drivers of true hardware RNGs. Those devices
+ * may produce endless random bits, so this function will sleep for
+ * some amount of time after, if the sleep_after parameter is true.
  */
-void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len, size_t entropy)
+void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len, size_t entropy, bool sleep_after)
 {
 	mix_pool_bytes(buf, len);
 	credit_init_bits(entropy);
@@ -882,14 +939,14 @@ void add_hwgenerator_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len, size_t entropy)
 	 * Throttle writing to once every reseed interval, unless we're not yet
 	 * initialized or no entropy is credited.
 	 */
-	if (!kthread_should_stop() && (crng_ready() || !entropy))
+	if (sleep_after && !kthread_should_stop() && (crng_ready() || !entropy))
 		schedule_timeout_interruptible(crng_reseed_interval());
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_hwgenerator_randomness);
 
 /*
- * Handle random seed passed by bootloader, and credit it if
- * CONFIG_RANDOM_TRUST_BOOTLOADER is set.
+ * Handle random seed passed by bootloader, and credit it depending
+ * on the command line option 'random.trust_bootloader'.
  */
 void __init add_bootloader_randomness(const void *buf, size_t len)
 {
@@ -910,7 +967,7 @@ void __cold add_vmfork_randomness(const void *unique_vm_id, size_t len)
 {
 	add_device_randomness(unique_vm_id, len);
 	if (crng_ready()) {
-		crng_reseed();
+		crng_reseed(NULL);
 		pr_notice("crng reseeded due to virtual machine fork\n");
 	}
 	blocking_notifier_call_chain(&vmfork_chain, 0, NULL);
@@ -1176,66 +1233,102 @@ void __cold rand_initialize_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
 struct entropy_timer_state {
 	unsigned long entropy;
 	struct timer_list timer;
-	unsigned int samples, samples_per_bit;
+	atomic_t samples;
+	unsigned int samples_per_bit;
 };
 
 /*
- * Each time the timer fires, we expect that we got an unpredictable
- * jump in the cycle counter. Even if the timer is running on another
- * CPU, the timer activity will be touching the stack of the CPU that is
- * generating entropy..
+ * Each time the timer fires, we expect that we got an unpredictable jump in
+ * the cycle counter. Even if the timer is running on another CPU, the timer
+ * activity will be touching the stack of the CPU that is generating entropy.
  *
- * Note that we don't re-arm the timer in the timer itself - we are
- * happy to be scheduled away, since that just makes the load more
- * complex, but we do not want the timer to keep ticking unless the
- * entropy loop is running.
+ * Note that we don't re-arm the timer in the timer itself - we are happy to be
+ * scheduled away, since that just makes the load more complex, but we do not
+ * want the timer to keep ticking unless the entropy loop is running.
  *
  * So the re-arming always happens in the entropy loop itself.
  */
 static void __cold entropy_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
 {
 	struct entropy_timer_state *state = container_of(timer, struct entropy_timer_state, timer);
+	unsigned long entropy = random_get_entropy();
 
-	if (++state->samples == state->samples_per_bit) {
+	mix_pool_bytes(&entropy, sizeof(entropy));
+	if (atomic_inc_return(&state->samples) % state->samples_per_bit == 0)
 		credit_init_bits(1);
-		state->samples = 0;
-	}
 }
 
 /*
- * If we have an actual cycle counter, see if we can
- * generate enough entropy with timing noise
+ * If we have an actual cycle counter, see if we can generate enough entropy
+ * with timing noise.
  */
 static void __cold try_to_generate_entropy(void)
 {
 	enum { NUM_TRIAL_SAMPLES = 8192, MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BIT = HZ / 15 };
-	struct entropy_timer_state stack;
+	u8 stack_bytes[sizeof(struct entropy_timer_state) + SMP_CACHE_BYTES - 1];
+	struct entropy_timer_state *stack = PTR_ALIGN((void *)stack_bytes, SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
 	unsigned int i, num_different = 0;
 	unsigned long last = random_get_entropy();
+	int cpu = -1;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NUM_TRIAL_SAMPLES - 1; ++i) {
-		stack.entropy = random_get_entropy();
-		if (stack.entropy != last)
+		stack->entropy = random_get_entropy();
+		if (stack->entropy != last)
 			++num_different;
-		last = stack.entropy;
+		last = stack->entropy;
 	}
-	stack.samples_per_bit = DIV_ROUND_UP(NUM_TRIAL_SAMPLES, num_different + 1);
-	if (stack.samples_per_bit > MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BIT)
+	stack->samples_per_bit = DIV_ROUND_UP(NUM_TRIAL_SAMPLES, num_different + 1);
+	if (stack->samples_per_bit > MAX_SAMPLES_PER_BIT)
 		return;
 
-	stack.samples = 0;
-	timer_setup_on_stack(&stack.timer, entropy_timer, 0);
+	atomic_set(&stack->samples, 0);
+	timer_setup_on_stack(&stack->timer, entropy_timer, 0);
 	while (!crng_ready() && !signal_pending(current)) {
-		if (!timer_pending(&stack.timer))
-			mod_timer(&stack.timer, jiffies);
-		mix_pool_bytes(&stack.entropy, sizeof(stack.entropy));
+		/*
+		 * Check !timer_pending() and then ensure that any previous callback has finished
+		 * executing by checking try_to_del_timer_sync(), before queueing the next one.
+		 */
+		if (!timer_pending(&stack->timer) && try_to_del_timer_sync(&stack->timer) >= 0) {
+			struct cpumask timer_cpus;
+			unsigned int num_cpus;
+
+			/*
+			 * Preemption must be disabled here, both to read the current CPU number
+			 * and to avoid scheduling a timer on a dead CPU.
+			 */
+			preempt_disable();
+
+			/* Only schedule callbacks on timer CPUs that are online. */
+			cpumask_and(&timer_cpus, housekeeping_cpumask(HK_TYPE_TIMER), cpu_online_mask);
+			num_cpus = cpumask_weight(&timer_cpus);
+			/* In very bizarre case of misconfiguration, fallback to all online. */
+			if (unlikely(num_cpus == 0)) {
+				timer_cpus = *cpu_online_mask;
+				num_cpus = cpumask_weight(&timer_cpus);
+			}
+
+			/* Basic CPU round-robin, which avoids the current CPU. */
+			do {
+				cpu = cpumask_next(cpu, &timer_cpus);
+				if (cpu == nr_cpumask_bits)
+					cpu = cpumask_first(&timer_cpus);
+			} while (cpu == smp_processor_id() && num_cpus > 1);
+
+			/* Expiring the timer at `jiffies` means it's the next tick. */
+			stack->timer.expires = jiffies;
+
+			add_timer_on(&stack->timer, cpu);
+
+			preempt_enable();
+		}
+		mix_pool_bytes(&stack->entropy, sizeof(stack->entropy));
 		schedule();
-		stack.entropy = random_get_entropy();
+		stack->entropy = random_get_entropy();
 	}
+	mix_pool_bytes(&stack->entropy, sizeof(stack->entropy));
 
-	del_timer_sync(&stack.timer);
-	destroy_timer_on_stack(&stack.timer);
-	mix_pool_bytes(&stack.entropy, sizeof(stack.entropy));
+	del_timer_sync(&stack->timer);
+	destroy_timer_on_stack(&stack->timer);
 }
 
 
@@ -1432,7 +1525,7 @@ static long random_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 			return -EPERM;
 		if (!crng_ready())
 			return -ENODATA;
-		crng_reseed();
+		crng_reseed(NULL);
 		return 0;
 	default:
 		return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c
index 0a9b099d0518..c0979c8049b5 100644
--- a/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c
+++ b/drivers/dma-buf/st-dma-fence-chain.c
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ static int __find_race(void *arg)
 		struct dma_fence *fence = dma_fence_get(data->fc.tail);
 		int seqno;
 
-		seqno = prandom_u32_max(data->fc.chain_length) + 1;
+		seqno = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, data->fc.chain_length);
 
 		err = dma_fence_chain_find_seqno(&fence, seqno);
 		if (err) {
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ static int __find_race(void *arg)
 		dma_fence_put(fence);
 
 signal:
-		seqno = prandom_u32_max(data->fc.chain_length - 1);
+		seqno = get_random_u32_below(data->fc.chain_length - 1);
 		dma_fence_signal(data->fc.fences[seqno]);
 		cond_resched();
 	}
@@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ static void randomise_fences(struct fence_chains *fc)
 	while (--count) {
 		unsigned int swp;
 
-		swp = prandom_u32_max(count + 1);
+		swp = get_random_u32_below(count + 1);
 		if (swp == count)
 			continue;
 
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c
index a46df5d1d094..16dae588f0e3 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/efi.c
@@ -337,6 +337,24 @@ static void __init efi_debugfs_init(void)
 static inline void efi_debugfs_init(void) {}
 #endif
 
+static void refresh_nv_rng_seed(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	u8 seed[EFI_RANDOM_SEED_SIZE];
+
+	get_random_bytes(seed, sizeof(seed));
+	efi.set_variable(L"RandomSeed", &LINUX_EFI_RANDOM_SEED_TABLE_GUID,
+			 EFI_VARIABLE_NON_VOLATILE | EFI_VARIABLE_BOOTSERVICE_ACCESS |
+			 EFI_VARIABLE_RUNTIME_ACCESS, sizeof(seed), seed);
+	memzero_explicit(seed, sizeof(seed));
+}
+static int refresh_nv_rng_seed_notification(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long action, void *data)
+{
+	static DECLARE_WORK(work, refresh_nv_rng_seed);
+	schedule_work(&work);
+	return NOTIFY_DONE;
+}
+static struct notifier_block refresh_nv_rng_seed_nb = { .notifier_call = refresh_nv_rng_seed_notification };
+
 /*
  * We register the efi subsystem with the firmware subsystem and the
  * efivars subsystem with the efi subsystem, if the system was booted with
@@ -413,6 +431,7 @@ static int __init efisubsys_init(void)
 		platform_device_register_simple("efi_secret", 0, NULL, 0);
 #endif
 
+	execute_with_initialized_rng(&refresh_nv_rng_seed_nb);
 	return 0;
 
 err_remove_group:
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c
index 845023c14eb3..29d2459bcc90 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_execbuffer.c
@@ -2424,7 +2424,7 @@ gen8_dispatch_bsd_engine(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
 	/* Check whether the file_priv has already selected one ring. */
 	if ((int)file_priv->bsd_engine < 0)
 		file_priv->bsd_engine =
-			prandom_u32_max(num_vcs_engines(dev_priv));
+			get_random_u32_below(num_vcs_engines(dev_priv));
 
 	return file_priv->bsd_engine;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_execlists_submission.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_execlists_submission.c
index c718e6dc40b5..45b605e32c87 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_execlists_submission.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gt/intel_execlists_submission.c
@@ -3689,7 +3689,7 @@ static void virtual_engine_initial_hint(struct virtual_engine *ve)
 	 * NB This does not force us to execute on this engine, it will just
 	 * typically be the first we inspect for submission.
 	 */
-	swp = prandom_u32_max(ve->num_siblings);
+	swp = get_random_u32_below(ve->num_siblings);
 	if (swp)
 		swap(ve->siblings[swp], ve->siblings[0]);
 }
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_memory_region.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_memory_region.c
index 9a4a7fb55582..b9a164efd6ae 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_memory_region.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_memory_region.c
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ static int __iopagetest(struct intel_memory_region *mem,
 			u8 value, resource_size_t offset,
 			const void *caller)
 {
-	int byte = prandom_u32_max(pagesize);
+	int byte = get_random_u32_below(pagesize);
 	u8 result[3];
 
 	memset_io(va, value, pagesize); /* or GPF! */
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ static int iopagetest(struct intel_memory_region *mem,
 static resource_size_t random_page(resource_size_t last)
 {
 	/* Limited to low 44b (16TiB), but should suffice for a spot check */
-	return prandom_u32_max(last >> PAGE_SHIFT) << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	return get_random_u32_below(last >> PAGE_SHIFT) << PAGE_SHIFT;
 }
 
 static int iomemtest(struct intel_memory_region *mem,
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c b/drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c
index 26d1772179b8..aacd6254df77 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/core/cma.c
@@ -3807,7 +3807,7 @@ static int cma_alloc_any_port(enum rdma_ucm_port_space ps,
 
 	inet_get_local_port_range(net, &low, &high);
 	remaining = (high - low) + 1;
-	rover = prandom_u32_max(remaining) + low;
+	rover = get_random_u32_inclusive(low, remaining + low - 1);
 retry:
 	if (last_used_port != rover) {
 		struct rdma_bind_list *bind_list;
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/id_table.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/id_table.c
index 280d61466855..e2188b335e76 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/id_table.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/cxgb4/id_table.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ u32 c4iw_id_alloc(struct c4iw_id_table *alloc)
 
 	if (obj < alloc->max) {
 		if (alloc->flags & C4IW_ID_TABLE_F_RANDOM)
-			alloc->last += prandom_u32_max(RANDOM_SKIP);
+			alloc->last += get_random_u32_below(RANDOM_SKIP);
 		else
 			alloc->last = obj + 1;
 		if (alloc->last >= alloc->max)
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int c4iw_id_table_alloc(struct c4iw_id_table *alloc, u32 start, u32 num,
 	alloc->start = start;
 	alloc->flags = flags;
 	if (flags & C4IW_ID_TABLE_F_RANDOM)
-		alloc->last = prandom_u32_max(RANDOM_SKIP);
+		alloc->last = get_random_u32_below(RANDOM_SKIP);
 	else
 		alloc->last = 0;
 	alloc->max = num;
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hns/hns_roce_ah.c b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hns/hns_roce_ah.c
index 480c062dd04f..e77fcc74f15c 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/hw/hns/hns_roce_ah.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/hw/hns/hns_roce_ah.c
@@ -41,9 +41,8 @@ static inline u16 get_ah_udp_sport(const struct rdma_ah_attr *ah_attr)
 	u16 sport;
 
 	if (!fl)
-		sport = prandom_u32_max(IB_ROCE_UDP_ENCAP_VALID_PORT_MAX + 1 -
-					IB_ROCE_UDP_ENCAP_VALID_PORT_MIN) +
-			IB_ROCE_UDP_ENCAP_VALID_PORT_MIN;
+		sport = get_random_u32_inclusive(IB_ROCE_UDP_ENCAP_VALID_PORT_MIN,
+						 IB_ROCE_UDP_ENCAP_VALID_PORT_MAX);
 	else
 		sport = rdma_flow_label_to_udp_sport(fl);
 
diff --git a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/rtrs/rtrs-clt.c b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/rtrs/rtrs-clt.c
index 8546b8816524..ab75b690ad08 100644
--- a/drivers/infiniband/ulp/rtrs/rtrs-clt.c
+++ b/drivers/infiniband/ulp/rtrs/rtrs-clt.c
@@ -1517,7 +1517,7 @@ static void rtrs_clt_err_recovery_work(struct work_struct *work)
 	rtrs_clt_stop_and_destroy_conns(clt_path);
 	queue_delayed_work(rtrs_wq, &clt_path->reconnect_dwork,
 			   msecs_to_jiffies(delay_ms +
-					    prandom_u32_max(RTRS_RECONNECT_SEED)));
+					    get_random_u32_below(RTRS_RECONNECT_SEED)));
 }
 
 static struct rtrs_clt_path *alloc_path(struct rtrs_clt_sess *clt,
diff --git a/drivers/md/bcache/request.c b/drivers/md/bcache/request.c
index 3427555b0cca..32e21ba64357 100644
--- a/drivers/md/bcache/request.c
+++ b/drivers/md/bcache/request.c
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ static bool check_should_bypass(struct cached_dev *dc, struct bio *bio)
 	}
 
 	if (bypass_torture_test(dc)) {
-		if (prandom_u32_max(4) == 3)
+		if (get_random_u32_below(4) == 3)
 			goto skip;
 		else
 			goto rescale;
diff --git a/drivers/media/common/v4l2-tpg/v4l2-tpg-core.c b/drivers/media/common/v4l2-tpg/v4l2-tpg-core.c
index 303d02b1d71c..a366566f22c3 100644
--- a/drivers/media/common/v4l2-tpg/v4l2-tpg-core.c
+++ b/drivers/media/common/v4l2-tpg/v4l2-tpg-core.c
@@ -872,7 +872,7 @@ static void precalculate_color(struct tpg_data *tpg, int k)
 	} else if (tpg->pattern == TPG_PAT_NOISE) {
 		r = g = b = get_random_u8();
 	} else if (k == TPG_COLOR_RANDOM) {
-		r = g = b = tpg->qual_offset + prandom_u32_max(196);
+		r = g = b = tpg->qual_offset + get_random_u32_below(196);
 	} else if (k >= TPG_COLOR_RAMP) {
 		r = g = b = k - TPG_COLOR_RAMP;
 	}
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ static void tpg_fill_params_extras(const struct tpg_data *tpg,
 		params->wss_width = tpg->crop.width;
 	params->wss_width = tpg_hscale_div(tpg, p, params->wss_width);
 	params->wss_random_offset =
-		params->twopixsize * prandom_u32_max(tpg->src_width / 2);
+		params->twopixsize * get_random_u32_below(tpg->src_width / 2);
 
 	if (tpg->crop.left < tpg->border.left) {
 		left_pillar_width = tpg->border.left - tpg->crop.left;
@@ -2495,9 +2495,9 @@ static void tpg_fill_plane_pattern(const struct tpg_data *tpg,
 		linestart_newer = tpg->black_line[p];
 	} else if (tpg->pattern == TPG_PAT_NOISE || tpg->qual == TPG_QUAL_NOISE) {
 		linestart_older = tpg->random_line[p] +
-				  twopixsize * prandom_u32_max(tpg->src_width / 2);
+				  twopixsize * get_random_u32_below(tpg->src_width / 2);
 		linestart_newer = tpg->random_line[p] +
-				  twopixsize * prandom_u32_max(tpg->src_width / 2);
+				  twopixsize * get_random_u32_below(tpg->src_width / 2);
 	} else {
 		unsigned frame_line_old =
 			(frame_line + mv_vert_old) % tpg->src_height;
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vidtv/vidtv_demod.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vidtv/vidtv_demod.c
index e7959ab1add8..d60c6d16beea 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vidtv/vidtv_demod.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vidtv/vidtv_demod.c
@@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ static void vidtv_demod_update_stats(struct dvb_frontend *fe)
 	 * Also, usually, signal strength is a negative number in dBm.
 	 */
 	c->strength.stat[0].svalue = state->tuner_cnr;
-	c->strength.stat[0].svalue -= prandom_u32_max(state->tuner_cnr / 50);
+	c->strength.stat[0].svalue -= get_random_u32_below(state->tuner_cnr / 50);
 	c->strength.stat[0].svalue -= 68000; /* Adjust to a better range */
 
 	c->cnr.stat[0].svalue = state->tuner_cnr;
-	c->cnr.stat[0].svalue -= prandom_u32_max(state->tuner_cnr / 50);
+	c->cnr.stat[0].svalue -= get_random_u32_below(state->tuner_cnr / 50);
 }
 
 static int vidtv_demod_read_status(struct dvb_frontend *fe,
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ static int vidtv_demod_read_status(struct dvb_frontend *fe,
 
 		if (snr < cnr2qual->cnr_ok) {
 			/* eventually lose the TS lock */
-			if (prandom_u32_max(100) < config->drop_tslock_prob_on_low_snr)
+			if (get_random_u32_below(100) < config->drop_tslock_prob_on_low_snr)
 				state->status = 0;
 		} else {
 			/* recover if the signal improves */
-			if (prandom_u32_max(100) <
+			if (get_random_u32_below(100) <
 			    config->recover_tslock_prob_on_good_snr)
 				state->status = FE_HAS_SIGNAL  |
 						FE_HAS_CARRIER |
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-cap.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-cap.c
index 690daada7db4..ee65d20314d3 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-cap.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-cap.c
@@ -693,7 +693,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack void vivid_thread_vid_cap_tick(struct vivid_dev *dev,
 
 	/* Drop a certain percentage of buffers. */
 	if (dev->perc_dropped_buffers &&
-	    prandom_u32_max(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
+	    get_random_u32_below(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
 		goto update_mv;
 
 	spin_lock(&dev->slock);
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-out.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-out.c
index 0833e021bb11..fac6208b51da 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-out.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-kthread-out.c
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ static void vivid_thread_vid_out_tick(struct vivid_dev *dev)
 
 	/* Drop a certain percentage of buffers. */
 	if (dev->perc_dropped_buffers &&
-	    prandom_u32_max(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
+	    get_random_u32_below(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
 		return;
 
 	spin_lock(&dev->slock);
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-radio-rx.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-radio-rx.c
index 8bd09589fb15..79c1723bd84c 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-radio-rx.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-radio-rx.c
@@ -94,8 +94,8 @@ retry:
 
 		if (data_blk == 0 && dev->radio_rds_loop)
 			vivid_radio_rds_init(dev);
-		if (perc && prandom_u32_max(100) < perc) {
-			switch (prandom_u32_max(4)) {
+		if (perc && get_random_u32_below(100) < perc) {
+			switch (get_random_u32_below(4)) {
 			case 0:
 				rds.block |= V4L2_RDS_BLOCK_CORRECTED;
 				break;
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-sdr-cap.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-sdr-cap.c
index 0ae5628b86c9..a81f26b76988 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-sdr-cap.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-sdr-cap.c
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ static void vivid_thread_sdr_cap_tick(struct vivid_dev *dev)
 
 	/* Drop a certain percentage of buffers. */
 	if (dev->perc_dropped_buffers &&
-	    prandom_u32_max(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
+	    get_random_u32_below(100) < dev->perc_dropped_buffers)
 		return;
 
 	spin_lock(&dev->slock);
diff --git a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-touch-cap.c b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-touch-cap.c
index 6cc32eb54f9d..c7f6e23df51e 100644
--- a/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-touch-cap.c
+++ b/drivers/media/test-drivers/vivid/vivid-touch-cap.c
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ static void vivid_fill_buff_noise(__s16 *tch_buf, int size)
 
 static inline int get_random_pressure(void)
 {
-	return prandom_u32_max(VIVID_PRESSURE_LIMIT);
+	return get_random_u32_below(VIVID_PRESSURE_LIMIT);
 }
 
 static void vivid_tch_buf_set(struct v4l2_pix_format *f,
diff --git a/drivers/mmc/core/core.c b/drivers/mmc/core/core.c
index de1cc9e1ae57..f0d19356ad76 100644
--- a/drivers/mmc/core/core.c
+++ b/drivers/mmc/core/core.c
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ static void mmc_should_fail_request(struct mmc_host *host,
 	    !should_fail(&host->fail_mmc_request, data->blksz * data->blocks))
 		return;
 
-	data->error = data_errors[prandom_u32_max(ARRAY_SIZE(data_errors))];
-	data->bytes_xfered = prandom_u32_max(data->bytes_xfered >> 9) << 9;
+	data->error = data_errors[get_random_u32_below(ARRAY_SIZE(data_errors))];
+	data->bytes_xfered = get_random_u32_below(data->bytes_xfered >> 9) << 9;
 }
 
 #else /* CONFIG_FAIL_MMC_REQUEST */
diff --git a/drivers/mmc/host/dw_mmc.c b/drivers/mmc/host/dw_mmc.c
index c78bbc22e0d1..6ef410053037 100644
--- a/drivers/mmc/host/dw_mmc.c
+++ b/drivers/mmc/host/dw_mmc.c
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ static void dw_mci_start_fault_timer(struct dw_mci *host)
 	 * Try to inject the error at random points during the data transfer.
 	 */
 	hrtimer_start(&host->fault_timer,
-		      ms_to_ktime(prandom_u32_max(25)),
+		      ms_to_ktime(get_random_u32_below(25)),
 		      HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/nandsim.c b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/nandsim.c
index 672719023241..c21abf748948 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/nandsim.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/nand/raw/nandsim.c
@@ -1405,9 +1405,9 @@ static void ns_do_bit_flips(struct nandsim *ns, int num)
 	if (bitflips && get_random_u16() < (1 << 6)) {
 		int flips = 1;
 		if (bitflips > 1)
-			flips = prandom_u32_max(bitflips) + 1;
+			flips = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, bitflips);
 		while (flips--) {
-			int pos = prandom_u32_max(num * 8);
+			int pos = get_random_u32_below(num * 8);
 			ns->buf.byte[pos / 8] ^= (1 << (pos % 8));
 			NS_WARN("read_page: flipping bit %d in page %d "
 				"reading from %d ecc: corrected=%u failed=%u\n",
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c b/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
index 440988562cfd..824cc1c03b6a 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/tests/mtd_nandecctest.c
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct nand_ecc_test {
 static void single_bit_error_data(void *error_data, void *correct_data,
 				size_t size)
 {
-	unsigned int offset = prandom_u32_max(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+	unsigned int offset = get_random_u32_below(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
 
 	memcpy(error_data, correct_data, size);
 	__change_bit_le(offset, error_data);
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@ static void double_bit_error_data(void *error_data, void *correct_data,
 {
 	unsigned int offset[2];
 
-	offset[0] = prandom_u32_max(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+	offset[0] = get_random_u32_below(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
 	do {
-		offset[1] = prandom_u32_max(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+		offset[1] = get_random_u32_below(size * BITS_PER_BYTE);
 	} while (offset[0] == offset[1]);
 
 	memcpy(error_data, correct_data, size);
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static void double_bit_error_data(void *error_data, void *correct_data,
 
 static unsigned int random_ecc_bit(size_t size)
 {
-	unsigned int offset = prandom_u32_max(3 * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+	unsigned int offset = get_random_u32_below(3 * BITS_PER_BYTE);
 
 	if (size == 256) {
 		/*
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ static unsigned int random_ecc_bit(size_t size)
 		 * and 17th bit) in ECC code for 256 byte data block
 		 */
 		while (offset == 16 || offset == 17)
-			offset = prandom_u32_max(3 * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+			offset = get_random_u32_below(3 * BITS_PER_BYTE);
 	}
 
 	return offset;
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/tests/stresstest.c b/drivers/mtd/tests/stresstest.c
index 75b6ddc5dc4d..8062098930d6 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/tests/stresstest.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/tests/stresstest.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ static int rand_eb(void)
 
 again:
 	/* Read or write up 2 eraseblocks at a time - hence 'ebcnt - 1' */
-	eb = prandom_u32_max(ebcnt - 1);
+	eb = get_random_u32_below(ebcnt - 1);
 	if (bbt[eb])
 		goto again;
 	return eb;
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ again:
 
 static int rand_offs(void)
 {
-	return prandom_u32_max(bufsize);
+	return get_random_u32_below(bufsize);
 }
 
 static int rand_len(int offs)
 {
-	return prandom_u32_max(bufsize - offs);
+	return get_random_u32_below(bufsize - offs);
 }
 
 static int do_read(void)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ static int do_write(void)
 
 static int do_operation(void)
 {
-	if (prandom_u32_max(2))
+	if (get_random_u32_below(2))
 		return do_read();
 	else
 		return do_write();
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.c b/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.c
index 908d0e088557..fcca6942dbdd 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.c
+++ b/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.c
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ int ubi_dbg_power_cut(struct ubi_device *ubi, int caller)
 
 		if (ubi->dbg.power_cut_max > ubi->dbg.power_cut_min) {
 			range = ubi->dbg.power_cut_max - ubi->dbg.power_cut_min;
-			ubi->dbg.power_cut_counter += prandom_u32_max(range);
+			ubi->dbg.power_cut_counter += get_random_u32_below(range);
 		}
 		return 0;
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.h b/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.h
index dc8d8f83657a..23676f32b681 100644
--- a/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.h
+++ b/drivers/mtd/ubi/debug.h
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ static inline int ubi_dbg_is_bgt_disabled(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 static inline int ubi_dbg_is_bitflip(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
 	if (ubi->dbg.emulate_bitflips)
-		return !prandom_u32_max(200);
+		return !get_random_u32_below(200);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ static inline int ubi_dbg_is_bitflip(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 static inline int ubi_dbg_is_write_failure(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
 	if (ubi->dbg.emulate_io_failures)
-		return !prandom_u32_max(500);
+		return !get_random_u32_below(500);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ static inline int ubi_dbg_is_write_failure(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 static inline int ubi_dbg_is_erase_failure(const struct ubi_device *ubi)
 {
 	if (ubi->dbg.emulate_io_failures)
-		return !prandom_u32_max(400);
+		return !get_random_u32_below(400);
 	return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/cnic.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/cnic.c
index 2198e35d9e18..74bc053a2078 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/cnic.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/broadcom/cnic.c
@@ -4105,7 +4105,7 @@ static int cnic_cm_alloc_mem(struct cnic_dev *dev)
 	for (i = 0; i < MAX_CM_SK_TBL_SZ; i++)
 		atomic_set(&cp->csk_tbl[i].ref_count, 0);
 
-	port_id = prandom_u32_max(CNIC_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE);
+	port_id = get_random_u32_below(CNIC_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE);
 	if (cnic_init_id_tbl(&cp->csk_port_tbl, CNIC_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE,
 			     CNIC_LOCAL_PORT_MIN, port_id)) {
 		cnic_cm_free_mem(dev);
diff --git a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/inline_crypto/chtls/chtls_io.c b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/inline_crypto/chtls/chtls_io.c
index a4256087ac82..ae6b17b96bf1 100644
--- a/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/inline_crypto/chtls/chtls_io.c
+++ b/drivers/net/ethernet/chelsio/inline_crypto/chtls/chtls_io.c
@@ -919,8 +919,8 @@ static int csk_wait_memory(struct chtls_dev *cdev,
 	current_timeo = *timeo_p;
 	noblock = (*timeo_p ? false : true);
 	if (csk_mem_free(cdev, sk)) {
-		current_timeo = prandom_u32_max(HZ / 5) + 2;
-		vm_wait = prandom_u32_max(HZ / 5) + 2;
+		current_timeo = get_random_u32_below(HZ / 5) + 2;
+		vm_wait = get_random_u32_below(HZ / 5) + 2;
 	}
 
 	add_wait_queue(sk_sleep(sk), &wait);
diff --git a/drivers/net/phy/at803x.c b/drivers/net/phy/at803x.c
index d49965907561..22f4458274aa 100644
--- a/drivers/net/phy/at803x.c
+++ b/drivers/net/phy/at803x.c
@@ -1760,7 +1760,7 @@ static int qca808x_phy_fast_retrain_config(struct phy_device *phydev)
 
 static int qca808x_phy_ms_random_seed_set(struct phy_device *phydev)
 {
-	u16 seed_value = prandom_u32_max(QCA808X_MASTER_SLAVE_SEED_RANGE);
+	u16 seed_value = get_random_u32_below(QCA808X_MASTER_SLAVE_SEED_RANGE);
 
 	return at803x_debug_reg_mask(phydev, QCA808X_PHY_DEBUG_LOCAL_SEED,
 			QCA808X_MASTER_SLAVE_SEED_CFG,
diff --git a/drivers/net/team/team_mode_random.c b/drivers/net/team/team_mode_random.c
index f3f8dd428402..53d0ce34b8ce 100644
--- a/drivers/net/team/team_mode_random.c
+++ b/drivers/net/team/team_mode_random.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ static bool rnd_transmit(struct team *team, struct sk_buff *skb)
 	struct team_port *port;
 	int port_index;
 
-	port_index = prandom_u32_max(team->en_port_count);
+	port_index = get_random_u32_below(team->en_port_count);
 	port = team_get_port_by_index_rcu(team, port_index);
 	if (unlikely(!port))
 		goto drop;
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireguard/selftest/allowedips.c b/drivers/net/wireguard/selftest/allowedips.c
index 19eac00b2381..78ebe2892a78 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireguard/selftest/allowedips.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireguard/selftest/allowedips.c
@@ -285,8 +285,8 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NUM_RAND_ROUTES; ++i) {
 		get_random_bytes(ip, 4);
-		cidr = prandom_u32_max(32) + 1;
-		peer = peers[prandom_u32_max(NUM_PEERS)];
+		cidr = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 32);
+		peer = peers[get_random_u32_below(NUM_PEERS)];
 		if (wg_allowedips_insert_v4(&t, (struct in_addr *)ip, cidr,
 					    peer, &mutex) < 0) {
 			pr_err("allowedips random self-test malloc: FAIL\n");
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 		for (j = 0; j < NUM_MUTATED_ROUTES; ++j) {
 			memcpy(mutated, ip, 4);
 			get_random_bytes(mutate_mask, 4);
-			mutate_amount = prandom_u32_max(32);
+			mutate_amount = get_random_u32_below(32);
 			for (k = 0; k < mutate_amount / 8; ++k)
 				mutate_mask[k] = 0xff;
 			mutate_mask[k] = 0xff
@@ -311,8 +311,8 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 				mutated[k] = (mutated[k] & mutate_mask[k]) |
 					     (~mutate_mask[k] &
 					      get_random_u8());
-			cidr = prandom_u32_max(32) + 1;
-			peer = peers[prandom_u32_max(NUM_PEERS)];
+			cidr = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 32);
+			peer = peers[get_random_u32_below(NUM_PEERS)];
 			if (wg_allowedips_insert_v4(&t,
 						    (struct in_addr *)mutated,
 						    cidr, peer, &mutex) < 0) {
@@ -329,8 +329,8 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < NUM_RAND_ROUTES; ++i) {
 		get_random_bytes(ip, 16);
-		cidr = prandom_u32_max(128) + 1;
-		peer = peers[prandom_u32_max(NUM_PEERS)];
+		cidr = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 128);
+		peer = peers[get_random_u32_below(NUM_PEERS)];
 		if (wg_allowedips_insert_v6(&t, (struct in6_addr *)ip, cidr,
 					    peer, &mutex) < 0) {
 			pr_err("allowedips random self-test malloc: FAIL\n");
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 		for (j = 0; j < NUM_MUTATED_ROUTES; ++j) {
 			memcpy(mutated, ip, 16);
 			get_random_bytes(mutate_mask, 16);
-			mutate_amount = prandom_u32_max(128);
+			mutate_amount = get_random_u32_below(128);
 			for (k = 0; k < mutate_amount / 8; ++k)
 				mutate_mask[k] = 0xff;
 			mutate_mask[k] = 0xff
@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ static __init bool randomized_test(void)
 				mutated[k] = (mutated[k] & mutate_mask[k]) |
 					     (~mutate_mask[k] &
 					      get_random_u8());
-			cidr = prandom_u32_max(128) + 1;
-			peer = peers[prandom_u32_max(NUM_PEERS)];
+			cidr = get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 128);
+			peer = peers[get_random_u32_below(NUM_PEERS)];
 			if (wg_allowedips_insert_v6(&t,
 						    (struct in6_addr *)mutated,
 						    cidr, peer, &mutex) < 0) {
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireguard/timers.c b/drivers/net/wireguard/timers.c
index d54d32ac9bc4..b5706b6718b1 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireguard/timers.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireguard/timers.c
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ void wg_timers_data_sent(struct wg_peer *peer)
 	if (!timer_pending(&peer->timer_new_handshake))
 		mod_peer_timer(peer, &peer->timer_new_handshake,
 			jiffies + (KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT + REKEY_TIMEOUT) * HZ +
-			prandom_u32_max(REKEY_TIMEOUT_JITTER_MAX_JIFFIES));
+			get_random_u32_below(REKEY_TIMEOUT_JITTER_MAX_JIFFIES));
 }
 
 /* Should be called after an authenticated data packet is received. */
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ void wg_timers_handshake_initiated(struct wg_peer *peer)
 {
 	mod_peer_timer(peer, &peer->timer_retransmit_handshake,
 		       jiffies + REKEY_TIMEOUT * HZ +
-		       prandom_u32_max(REKEY_TIMEOUT_JITTER_MAX_JIFFIES));
+		       get_random_u32_below(REKEY_TIMEOUT_JITTER_MAX_JIFFIES));
 }
 
 /* Should be called after a handshake response message is received and processed
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/p2p.c b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/p2p.c
index 10d9d9c63b28..c704ca752138 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/p2p.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/p2p.c
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ static void brcmf_p2p_afx_handler(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (afx_hdl->is_listen && afx_hdl->my_listen_chan)
 		/* 100ms ~ 300ms */
 		err = brcmf_p2p_discover_listen(p2p, afx_hdl->my_listen_chan,
-						100 * (1 + prandom_u32_max(3)));
+						100 * get_random_u32_inclusive(1, 3));
 	else
 		err = brcmf_p2p_act_frm_search(p2p, afx_hdl->peer_listen_chan);
 
diff --git a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c
index de0c545d50fd..3a7a44bb3c60 100644
--- a/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c
+++ b/drivers/net/wireless/intel/iwlwifi/mvm/mac-ctxt.c
@@ -1099,7 +1099,7 @@ static void iwl_mvm_mac_ctxt_cmd_fill_ap(struct iwl_mvm *mvm,
 			iwl_mvm_mac_ap_iterator, &data);
 
 		if (data.beacon_device_ts) {
-			u32 rand = prandom_u32_max(64 - 36) + 36;
+			u32 rand = get_random_u32_inclusive(36, 63);
 			mvmvif->ap_beacon_time = data.beacon_device_ts +
 				ieee80211_tu_to_usec(data.beacon_int * rand /
 						     100);
diff --git a/drivers/pci/p2pdma.c b/drivers/pci/p2pdma.c
index 88dc66ee1c46..5565f67d6537 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/p2pdma.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/p2pdma.c
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ struct pci_dev *pci_p2pmem_find_many(struct device **clients, int num_clients)
 	}
 
 	if (dev_cnt)
-		pdev = pci_dev_get(closest_pdevs[prandom_u32_max(dev_cnt)]);
+		pdev = pci_dev_get(closest_pdevs[get_random_u32_below(dev_cnt)]);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < dev_cnt; i++)
 		pci_dev_put(closest_pdevs[i]);
diff --git a/drivers/s390/scsi/zfcp_fc.c b/drivers/s390/scsi/zfcp_fc.c
index 77917b339870..f21307537829 100644
--- a/drivers/s390/scsi/zfcp_fc.c
+++ b/drivers/s390/scsi/zfcp_fc.c
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ unsigned int zfcp_fc_port_scan_backoff(void)
 {
 	if (!port_scan_backoff)
 		return 0;
-	return prandom_u32_max(port_scan_backoff);
+	return get_random_u32_below(port_scan_backoff);
 }
 
 static void zfcp_fc_port_scan_time(struct zfcp_adapter *adapter)
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_ctlr.c b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_ctlr.c
index ddc048069af2..5c8d1ba3f8f3 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_ctlr.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/fcoe/fcoe_ctlr.c
@@ -2233,7 +2233,7 @@ static void fcoe_ctlr_vn_restart(struct fcoe_ctlr *fip)
 
 	if (fip->probe_tries < FIP_VN_RLIM_COUNT) {
 		fip->probe_tries++;
-		wait = prandom_u32_max(FIP_VN_PROBE_WAIT);
+		wait = get_random_u32_below(FIP_VN_PROBE_WAIT);
 	} else
 		wait = FIP_VN_RLIM_INT;
 	mod_timer(&fip->timer, jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(wait));
@@ -3125,7 +3125,7 @@ static void fcoe_ctlr_vn_timeout(struct fcoe_ctlr *fip)
 					  fcoe_all_vn2vn, 0);
 			fip->port_ka_time = jiffies +
 				 msecs_to_jiffies(FIP_VN_BEACON_INT +
-					prandom_u32_max(FIP_VN_BEACON_FUZZ));
+					get_random_u32_below(FIP_VN_BEACON_FUZZ));
 		}
 		if (time_before(fip->port_ka_time, next_time))
 			next_time = fip->port_ka_time;
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/qedi/qedi_main.c b/drivers/scsi/qedi/qedi_main.c
index df2fe7bd26d1..f2ee49756df8 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/qedi/qedi_main.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/qedi/qedi_main.c
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ static int qedi_cm_alloc_mem(struct qedi_ctx *qedi)
 				sizeof(struct qedi_endpoint *)), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!qedi->ep_tbl)
 		return -ENOMEM;
-	port_id = prandom_u32_max(QEDI_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE);
+	port_id = get_random_u32_below(QEDI_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE);
 	if (qedi_init_id_tbl(&qedi->lcl_port_tbl, QEDI_LOCAL_PORT_RANGE,
 			     QEDI_LOCAL_PORT_MIN, port_id)) {
 		qedi_cm_free_mem(qedi);
diff --git a/drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c b/drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c
index bebda917b138..a0797101a8a0 100644
--- a/drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c
+++ b/drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c
@@ -5702,16 +5702,16 @@ static int schedule_resp(struct scsi_cmnd *cmnd, struct sdebug_dev_info *devip,
 			u64 ns = jiffies_to_nsecs(delta_jiff);
 
 			if (sdebug_random && ns < U32_MAX) {
-				ns = prandom_u32_max((u32)ns);
+				ns = get_random_u32_below((u32)ns);
 			} else if (sdebug_random) {
 				ns >>= 12;	/* scale to 4 usec precision */
 				if (ns < U32_MAX)	/* over 4 hours max */
-					ns = prandom_u32_max((u32)ns);
+					ns = get_random_u32_below((u32)ns);
 				ns <<= 12;
 			}
 			kt = ns_to_ktime(ns);
 		} else {	/* ndelay has a 4.2 second max */
-			kt = sdebug_random ? prandom_u32_max((u32)ndelay) :
+			kt = sdebug_random ? get_random_u32_below((u32)ndelay) :
 					     (u32)ndelay;
 			if (ndelay < INCLUSIVE_TIMING_MAX_NS) {
 				u64 d = ktime_get_boottime_ns() - ns_from_boot;