diff options
author | Joe Lawrence | 2019-01-09 13:43:29 +0100 |
---|---|---|
committer | Jiri Kosina | 2019-01-11 20:51:24 +0100 |
commit | a2818ee4dce575b299d8a7f46b393bc2b02ef1f4 (patch) | |
tree | 0f616177ebf9e8d2f00023f8db89a89374e65c94 /lib/livepatch | |
parent | d67a53720966f2ef5be5c8f238d13512b8260868 (diff) |
selftests/livepatch: introduce tests
Add a few livepatch modules and simple target modules that the included
regression suite can run tests against:
- basic livepatching (multiple patches, atomic replace)
- pre/post (un)patch callbacks
- shadow variable API
Signed-off-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Alice Ferrazzi <alice.ferrazzi@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Diffstat (limited to 'lib/livepatch')
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/Makefile | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_atomic_replace.c | 57 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_busy.c | 43 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo.c | 121 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo2.c | 93 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_mod.c | 24 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_livepatch.c | 51 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | lib/livepatch/test_klp_shadow_vars.c | 236 |
8 files changed, 640 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/lib/livepatch/Makefile b/lib/livepatch/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..26900ddaef82 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +# +# Makefile for livepatch test code. + +obj-$(CONFIG_TEST_LIVEPATCH) += test_klp_atomic_replace.o \ + test_klp_callbacks_demo.o \ + test_klp_callbacks_demo2.o \ + test_klp_callbacks_busy.o \ + test_klp_callbacks_mod.o \ + test_klp_livepatch.o \ + test_klp_shadow_vars.o + +# Target modules to be livepatched require CC_FLAGS_FTRACE +CFLAGS_test_klp_callbacks_busy.o += $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) +CFLAGS_test_klp_callbacks_mod.o += $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_atomic_replace.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_atomic_replace.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5af7093ca00c --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_atomic_replace.c @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/livepatch.h> + +static int replace; +module_param(replace, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(replace, "replace (default=0)"); + +#include <linux/seq_file.h> +static int livepatch_meminfo_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) +{ + seq_printf(m, "%s: %s\n", THIS_MODULE->name, + "this has been live patched"); + return 0; +} + +static struct klp_func funcs[] = { + { + .old_name = "meminfo_proc_show", + .new_func = livepatch_meminfo_proc_show, + }, {} +}; + +static struct klp_object objs[] = { + { + /* name being NULL means vmlinux */ + .funcs = funcs, + }, {} +}; + +static struct klp_patch patch = { + .mod = THIS_MODULE, + .objs = objs, + /* set .replace in the init function below for demo purposes */ +}; + +static int test_klp_atomic_replace_init(void) +{ + patch.replace = replace; + return klp_enable_patch(&patch); +} + +static void test_klp_atomic_replace_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(test_klp_atomic_replace_init); +module_exit(test_klp_atomic_replace_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_INFO(livepatch, "Y"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: atomic replace"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_busy.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_busy.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..40beddf8a0e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_busy.c @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/workqueue.h> +#include <linux/delay.h> + +static int sleep_secs; +module_param(sleep_secs, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(sleep_secs, "sleep_secs (default=0)"); + +static void busymod_work_func(struct work_struct *work); +static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(work, busymod_work_func); + +static void busymod_work_func(struct work_struct *work) +{ + pr_info("%s, sleeping %d seconds ...\n", __func__, sleep_secs); + msleep(sleep_secs * 1000); + pr_info("%s exit\n", __func__); +} + +static int test_klp_callbacks_busy_init(void) +{ + pr_info("%s\n", __func__); + schedule_delayed_work(&work, + msecs_to_jiffies(1000 * 0)); + return 0; +} + +static void test_klp_callbacks_busy_exit(void) +{ + cancel_delayed_work_sync(&work); + pr_info("%s\n", __func__); +} + +module_init(test_klp_callbacks_busy_init); +module_exit(test_klp_callbacks_busy_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: busy target module"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3fd8fe1cd1cc --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo.c @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/livepatch.h> + +static int pre_patch_ret; +module_param(pre_patch_ret, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(pre_patch_ret, "pre_patch_ret (default=0)"); + +static const char *const module_state[] = { + [MODULE_STATE_LIVE] = "[MODULE_STATE_LIVE] Normal state", + [MODULE_STATE_COMING] = "[MODULE_STATE_COMING] Full formed, running module_init", + [MODULE_STATE_GOING] = "[MODULE_STATE_GOING] Going away", + [MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED] = "[MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED] Still setting it up", +}; + +static void callback_info(const char *callback, struct klp_object *obj) +{ + if (obj->mod) + pr_info("%s: %s -> %s\n", callback, obj->mod->name, + module_state[obj->mod->state]); + else + pr_info("%s: vmlinux\n", callback); +} + +/* Executed on object patching (ie, patch enablement) */ +static int pre_patch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); + return pre_patch_ret; +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void post_patch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void pre_unpatch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void post_unpatch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +static void patched_work_func(struct work_struct *work) +{ + pr_info("%s\n", __func__); +} + +static struct klp_func no_funcs[] = { + {} +}; + +static struct klp_func busymod_funcs[] = { + { + .old_name = "busymod_work_func", + .new_func = patched_work_func, + }, {} +}; + +static struct klp_object objs[] = { + { + .name = NULL, /* vmlinux */ + .funcs = no_funcs, + .callbacks = { + .pre_patch = pre_patch_callback, + .post_patch = post_patch_callback, + .pre_unpatch = pre_unpatch_callback, + .post_unpatch = post_unpatch_callback, + }, + }, { + .name = "test_klp_callbacks_mod", + .funcs = no_funcs, + .callbacks = { + .pre_patch = pre_patch_callback, + .post_patch = post_patch_callback, + .pre_unpatch = pre_unpatch_callback, + .post_unpatch = post_unpatch_callback, + }, + }, { + .name = "test_klp_callbacks_busy", + .funcs = busymod_funcs, + .callbacks = { + .pre_patch = pre_patch_callback, + .post_patch = post_patch_callback, + .pre_unpatch = pre_unpatch_callback, + .post_unpatch = post_unpatch_callback, + }, + }, { } +}; + +static struct klp_patch patch = { + .mod = THIS_MODULE, + .objs = objs, +}; + +static int test_klp_callbacks_demo_init(void) +{ + return klp_enable_patch(&patch); +} + +static void test_klp_callbacks_demo_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(test_klp_callbacks_demo_init); +module_exit(test_klp_callbacks_demo_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_INFO(livepatch, "Y"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: livepatch demo"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo2.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo2.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5417573e80af --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_demo2.c @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/livepatch.h> + +static int replace; +module_param(replace, int, 0644); +MODULE_PARM_DESC(replace, "replace (default=0)"); + +static const char *const module_state[] = { + [MODULE_STATE_LIVE] = "[MODULE_STATE_LIVE] Normal state", + [MODULE_STATE_COMING] = "[MODULE_STATE_COMING] Full formed, running module_init", + [MODULE_STATE_GOING] = "[MODULE_STATE_GOING] Going away", + [MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED] = "[MODULE_STATE_UNFORMED] Still setting it up", +}; + +static void callback_info(const char *callback, struct klp_object *obj) +{ + if (obj->mod) + pr_info("%s: %s -> %s\n", callback, obj->mod->name, + module_state[obj->mod->state]); + else + pr_info("%s: vmlinux\n", callback); +} + +/* Executed on object patching (ie, patch enablement) */ +static int pre_patch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); + return 0; +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void post_patch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void pre_unpatch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +/* Executed on object unpatching (ie, patch disablement) */ +static void post_unpatch_callback(struct klp_object *obj) +{ + callback_info(__func__, obj); +} + +static struct klp_func no_funcs[] = { + { } +}; + +static struct klp_object objs[] = { + { + .name = NULL, /* vmlinux */ + .funcs = no_funcs, + .callbacks = { + .pre_patch = pre_patch_callback, + .post_patch = post_patch_callback, + .pre_unpatch = pre_unpatch_callback, + .post_unpatch = post_unpatch_callback, + }, + }, { } +}; + +static struct klp_patch patch = { + .mod = THIS_MODULE, + .objs = objs, + /* set .replace in the init function below for demo purposes */ +}; + +static int test_klp_callbacks_demo2_init(void) +{ + patch.replace = replace; + return klp_enable_patch(&patch); +} + +static void test_klp_callbacks_demo2_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(test_klp_callbacks_demo2_init); +module_exit(test_klp_callbacks_demo2_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_INFO(livepatch, "Y"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: livepatch demo2"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_mod.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_mod.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8fbe645b1c2c --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_callbacks_mod.c @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> + +static int test_klp_callbacks_mod_init(void) +{ + pr_info("%s\n", __func__); + return 0; +} + +static void test_klp_callbacks_mod_exit(void) +{ + pr_info("%s\n", __func__); +} + +module_init(test_klp_callbacks_mod_init); +module_exit(test_klp_callbacks_mod_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: target module"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_livepatch.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_livepatch.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..aff08199de71 --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_livepatch.c @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2014 Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/livepatch.h> + +#include <linux/seq_file.h> +static int livepatch_cmdline_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v) +{ + seq_printf(m, "%s: %s\n", THIS_MODULE->name, + "this has been live patched"); + return 0; +} + +static struct klp_func funcs[] = { + { + .old_name = "cmdline_proc_show", + .new_func = livepatch_cmdline_proc_show, + }, { } +}; + +static struct klp_object objs[] = { + { + /* name being NULL means vmlinux */ + .funcs = funcs, + }, { } +}; + +static struct klp_patch patch = { + .mod = THIS_MODULE, + .objs = objs, +}; + +static int test_klp_livepatch_init(void) +{ + return klp_enable_patch(&patch); +} + +static void test_klp_livepatch_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(test_klp_livepatch_init); +module_exit(test_klp_livepatch_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_INFO(livepatch, "Y"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: livepatch module"); diff --git a/lib/livepatch/test_klp_shadow_vars.c b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_shadow_vars.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..02f892f941dc --- /dev/null +++ b/lib/livepatch/test_klp_shadow_vars.c @@ -0,0 +1,236 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +// Copyright (C) 2018 Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com> + +#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt + +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/kernel.h> +#include <linux/list.h> +#include <linux/livepatch.h> +#include <linux/slab.h> + +/* + * Keep a small list of pointers so that we can print address-agnostic + * pointer values. Use a rolling integer count to differentiate the values. + * Ironically we could have used the shadow variable API to do this, but + * let's not lean too heavily on the very code we're testing. + */ +static LIST_HEAD(ptr_list); +struct shadow_ptr { + void *ptr; + int id; + struct list_head list; +}; + +static void free_ptr_list(void) +{ + struct shadow_ptr *sp, *tmp_sp; + + list_for_each_entry_safe(sp, tmp_sp, &ptr_list, list) { + list_del(&sp->list); + kfree(sp); + } +} + +static int ptr_id(void *ptr) +{ + struct shadow_ptr *sp; + static int count; + + list_for_each_entry(sp, &ptr_list, list) { + if (sp->ptr == ptr) + return sp->id; + } + + sp = kmalloc(sizeof(*sp), GFP_ATOMIC); + if (!sp) + return -1; + sp->ptr = ptr; + sp->id = count++; + + list_add(&sp->list, &ptr_list); + + return sp->id; +} + +/* + * Shadow variable wrapper functions that echo the function and arguments + * to the kernel log for testing verification. Don't display raw pointers, + * but use the ptr_id() value instead. + */ +static void *shadow_get(void *obj, unsigned long id) +{ + void *ret = klp_shadow_get(obj, id); + + pr_info("klp_%s(obj=PTR%d, id=0x%lx) = PTR%d\n", + __func__, ptr_id(obj), id, ptr_id(ret)); + + return ret; +} + +static void *shadow_alloc(void *obj, unsigned long id, size_t size, + gfp_t gfp_flags, klp_shadow_ctor_t ctor, + void *ctor_data) +{ + void *ret = klp_shadow_alloc(obj, id, size, gfp_flags, ctor, + ctor_data); + pr_info("klp_%s(obj=PTR%d, id=0x%lx, size=%zx, gfp_flags=%pGg), ctor=PTR%d, ctor_data=PTR%d = PTR%d\n", + __func__, ptr_id(obj), id, size, &gfp_flags, ptr_id(ctor), + ptr_id(ctor_data), ptr_id(ret)); + return ret; +} + +static void *shadow_get_or_alloc(void *obj, unsigned long id, size_t size, + gfp_t gfp_flags, klp_shadow_ctor_t ctor, + void *ctor_data) +{ + void *ret = klp_shadow_get_or_alloc(obj, id, size, gfp_flags, ctor, + ctor_data); + pr_info("klp_%s(obj=PTR%d, id=0x%lx, size=%zx, gfp_flags=%pGg), ctor=PTR%d, ctor_data=PTR%d = PTR%d\n", + __func__, ptr_id(obj), id, size, &gfp_flags, ptr_id(ctor), + ptr_id(ctor_data), ptr_id(ret)); + return ret; +} + +static void shadow_free(void *obj, unsigned long id, klp_shadow_dtor_t dtor) +{ + klp_shadow_free(obj, id, dtor); + pr_info("klp_%s(obj=PTR%d, id=0x%lx, dtor=PTR%d)\n", + __func__, ptr_id(obj), id, ptr_id(dtor)); +} + +static void shadow_free_all(unsigned long id, klp_shadow_dtor_t dtor) +{ + klp_shadow_free_all(id, dtor); + pr_info("klp_%s(id=0x%lx, dtor=PTR%d)\n", + __func__, id, ptr_id(dtor)); +} + + +/* Shadow variable constructor - remember simple pointer data */ +static int shadow_ctor(void *obj, void *shadow_data, void *ctor_data) +{ + int **shadow_int = shadow_data; + *shadow_int = ctor_data; + pr_info("%s: PTR%d -> PTR%d\n", + __func__, ptr_id(shadow_int), ptr_id(ctor_data)); + + return 0; +} + +static void shadow_dtor(void *obj, void *shadow_data) +{ + pr_info("%s(obj=PTR%d, shadow_data=PTR%d)\n", + __func__, ptr_id(obj), ptr_id(shadow_data)); +} + +static int test_klp_shadow_vars_init(void) +{ + void *obj = THIS_MODULE; + int id = 0x1234; + size_t size = sizeof(int *); + gfp_t gfp_flags = GFP_KERNEL; + + int var1, var2, var3, var4; + int **sv1, **sv2, **sv3, **sv4; + + void *ret; + + ptr_id(NULL); + ptr_id(&var1); + ptr_id(&var2); + ptr_id(&var3); + ptr_id(&var4); + + /* + * With an empty shadow variable hash table, expect not to find + * any matches. + */ + ret = shadow_get(obj, id); + if (!ret) + pr_info(" got expected NULL result\n"); + + /* + * Allocate a few shadow variables with different <obj> and <id>. + */ + sv1 = shadow_alloc(obj, id, size, gfp_flags, shadow_ctor, &var1); + sv2 = shadow_alloc(obj + 1, id, size, gfp_flags, shadow_ctor, &var2); + sv3 = shadow_alloc(obj, id + 1, size, gfp_flags, shadow_ctor, &var3); + + /* + * Verify we can find our new shadow variables and that they point + * to expected data. + */ + ret = shadow_get(obj, id); + if (ret == sv1 && *sv1 == &var1) + pr_info(" got expected PTR%d -> PTR%d result\n", + ptr_id(sv1), ptr_id(*sv1)); + ret = shadow_get(obj + 1, id); + if (ret == sv2 && *sv2 == &var2) + pr_info(" got expected PTR%d -> PTR%d result\n", + ptr_id(sv2), ptr_id(*sv2)); + ret = shadow_get(obj, id + 1); + if (ret == sv3 && *sv3 == &var3) + pr_info(" got expected PTR%d -> PTR%d result\n", + ptr_id(sv3), ptr_id(*sv3)); + + /* + * Allocate or get a few more, this time with the same <obj>, <id>. + * The second invocation should return the same shadow var. + */ + sv4 = shadow_get_or_alloc(obj + 2, id, size, gfp_flags, shadow_ctor, &var4); + ret = shadow_get_or_alloc(obj + 2, id, size, gfp_flags, shadow_ctor, &var4); + if (ret == sv4 && *sv4 == &var4) + pr_info(" got expected PTR%d -> PTR%d result\n", + ptr_id(sv4), ptr_id(*sv4)); + + /* + * Free the <obj=*, id> shadow variables and check that we can no + * longer find them. + */ + shadow_free(obj, id, shadow_dtor); /* sv1 */ + ret = shadow_get(obj, id); + if (!ret) + pr_info(" got expected NULL result\n"); + + shadow_free(obj + 1, id, shadow_dtor); /* sv2 */ + ret = shadow_get(obj + 1, id); + if (!ret) + pr_info(" got expected NULL result\n"); + + shadow_free(obj + 2, id, shadow_dtor); /* sv4 */ + ret = shadow_get(obj + 2, id); + if (!ret) + pr_info(" got expected NULL result\n"); + + /* + * We should still find an <id+1> variable. + */ + ret = shadow_get(obj, id + 1); + if (ret == sv3 && *sv3 == &var3) + pr_info(" got expected PTR%d -> PTR%d result\n", + ptr_id(sv3), ptr_id(*sv3)); + + /* + * Free all the <id+1> variables, too. + */ + shadow_free_all(id + 1, shadow_dtor); /* sv3 */ + ret = shadow_get(obj, id); + if (!ret) + pr_info(" shadow_get() got expected NULL result\n"); + + + free_ptr_list(); + + return 0; +} + +static void test_klp_shadow_vars_exit(void) +{ +} + +module_init(test_klp_shadow_vars_init); +module_exit(test_klp_shadow_vars_exit); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Livepatch test: shadow variables"); |