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path: root/drivers/block/nbd.c
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2012-03-28Merge branch 'akpm' (Andrew's patch-bomb)Linus Torvalds
Merge third batch of patches from Andrew Morton: - Some MM stragglers - core SMP library cleanups (on_each_cpu_mask) - Some IPI optimisations - kexec - kdump - IPMI - the radix-tree iterator work - various other misc bits. "That'll do for -rc1. I still have ~10 patches for 3.4, will send those along when they've baked a little more." * emailed from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (35 commits) backlight: fix typo in tosa_lcd.c crc32: add help text for the algorithm select option mm: move hugepage test examples to tools/testing/selftests/vm mm: move slabinfo.c to tools/vm mm: move page-types.c from Documentation to tools/vm selftests/Makefile: make `run_tests' depend on `all' selftests: launch individual selftests from the main Makefile radix-tree: use iterators in find_get_pages* functions radix-tree: rewrite gang lookup using iterator radix-tree: introduce bit-optimized iterator fs/proc/namespaces.c: prevent crash when ns_entries[] is empty nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbd pidns: add reboot_pid_ns() to handle the reboot syscall sysctl: use bitmap library functions ipmi: use locks on watchdog timeout set on reboot ipmi: simplify locking ipmi: fix message handling during panics ipmi: use a tasklet for handling received messages ipmi: increase KCS timeouts ipmi: decrease the IPMI message transaction time in interrupt mode ...
2012-03-28nbd: rename the nbd_device variable from lo to nbdWanlong Gao
rename the nbd_device variable from "lo" to "nbd", since "lo" is just a name copied from loop.c. Signed-off-by: Wanlong Gao <gaowanlong@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-28Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.hDavid Howells
Remove all #inclusions of asm/system.h preparatory to splitting and killing it. Performed with the following command: perl -p -i -e 's!^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>.*\n!!' `grep -Irl '^#\s*include\s*<asm/system[.]h>' *` Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2011-08-19nbd-replace-some-printk-with-dev_warn-and-dev_info-checkpatch-fixesAndrew Morton
ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #30: FILE: drivers/block/nbd.c:578: +^I dev_info(disk_to_dev(lo->disk), "NBD_DISCONNECT\n");$ total: 1 errors, 0 warnings, 35 lines checked NOTE: whitespace errors detected, you may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile ./patches/nbd-replace-some-printk-with-dev_warn-and-dev_info.patch has style problems, please review. If any of these errors are false positives, please report them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS. Please run checkpatch prior to sending patches Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Cc: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-08-19nbd: replace some printk with dev_warn() and dev_info()WANG Cong
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-08-19nbd: lower the loglevel of an error messageWANG Cong
This is only an error, no need to use KERN_CRIT log level. Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-08-19nbd: replace printk KERN_ERR with dev_err()WANG Cong
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-08-19nbd: replace sysfs_create_file() with device_create_file()WANG Cong
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-08-19nbd: use task_pid_nr() to get current pidWANG Cong
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-28nbd: adjust 'max_part' according to part_shiftNamhyung Kim
The 'max_part' parameter determines how many partitions are supported on each nbd device. However the actual number can be changed to the power of 2 minus 1 form during the module initialization as alloc_disk() is called with (1 << part_shift) for some reason. So adjust 'max_part' also at least for consistency with loop and brd. It is exported via sysfs already, and a user should check this value after module loading if [s]he wants to use that number correctly (i.e. fdisk or something). Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-28nbd: limit module parameters to a sane valueNamhyung Kim
The 'max_part' parameter controls the number of maximum partition a nbd device can have. However if a user specifies very large value it would exceed the limitation of device minor number and can cause a kernel oops (or, at least, produce invalid device nodes in some cases). In addition, specifying large 'nbds_max' value causes same problem for the same reason. On my desktop, following command results to the kernel bug: $ sudo modprobe nbd max_part=100000 kernel BUG at /media/Linux_Data/project/linux/fs/sysfs/group.c:65! invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP last sysfs file: /sys/devices/virtual/block/nbd4/range CPU 1 Modules linked in: nbd(+) bridge stp llc kvm_intel kvm asus_atk0110 sg sr_mod cdrom Pid: 2522, comm: modprobe Tainted: G W 2.6.39-leonard+ #159 System manufacturer System Product Name/P5G41TD-M PRO RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8115aa08>] [<ffffffff8115aa08>] internal_create_group+0x2f/0x166 RSP: 0018:ffff8801009f1de8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 00000000ffffffef RBX: ffff880103920478 RCX: 00000000000a7bd3 RDX: ffffffff81a2dbe0 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff880103920478 RBP: ffff8801009f1e38 R08: ffff880103920468 R09: ffff880103920478 R10: ffff8801009f1de8 R11: ffff88011eccbb68 R12: ffffffff81a2dbe0 R13: ffff880103920468 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffff880103920400 FS: 00007f3c49de9700(0000) GS:ffff88011f800000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b CR2: 00007f3b7fe7c000 CR3: 00000000cd58d000 CR4: 00000000000406e0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Process modprobe (pid: 2522, threadinfo ffff8801009f0000, task ffff8801009a93a0) Stack: ffff8801009f1e58 ffffffff812e8f6e ffff8801009f1e58 ffffffff812e7a80 ffff880000000010 ffff880103920400 ffff8801002fd0c0 ffff880103920468 0000000000000011 ffff880103920400 ffff8801009f1e48 ffffffff8115ab6a Call Trace: [<ffffffff812e8f6e>] ? device_add+0x4f1/0x5e4 [<ffffffff812e7a80>] ? dev_set_name+0x41/0x43 [<ffffffff8115ab6a>] sysfs_create_group+0x13/0x15 [<ffffffff810b857e>] blk_trace_init_sysfs+0x14/0x16 [<ffffffff811ee58b>] blk_register_queue+0x4c/0xfd [<ffffffff811f3bdf>] add_disk+0xe4/0x29c [<ffffffffa007e2ab>] nbd_init+0x2ab/0x30d [nbd] [<ffffffffa007e000>] ? 0xffffffffa007dfff [<ffffffff8100020f>] do_one_initcall+0x7f/0x13e [<ffffffff8107ab0a>] sys_init_module+0xa1/0x1e3 [<ffffffff814f3542>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Code: 41 57 41 56 41 55 41 54 53 48 83 ec 28 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 fb 41 89 f6 49 89 d4 48 85 ff 74 0b 85 f6 75 0b 48 83 7f 30 00 75 14 <0f> 0b eb fe b9 ea ff ff ff 48 83 7f 30 00 0f 84 09 01 00 00 49 RIP [<ffffffff8115aa08>] internal_create_group+0x2f/0x166 RSP <ffff8801009f1de8> ---[ end trace 753285ffbf72c57c ]--- Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-05-28nbd: pass MSG_* flags to kernel_recvmsg()Namhyung Kim
Unlike kernel_sendmsg(), kernel_recvmsg() requires passing flags explicitly via last parameter instead of struct msghdr.msg_flags. Therefore calls to sock_xmit(lo, 0, ..., MSG_WAITALL) have not been processed properly by tcp layer wrt. the flag. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2011-02-11nbd: remove module-level ioctl mutexSoren Hansen
Commit 2a48fc0ab242417 ("block: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutex") replaced uses of the BKL in the nbd driver with mutex operations. Since then, I've been been seeing these lock ups: INFO: task qemu-nbd:16115 blocked for more than 120 seconds. "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. qemu-nbd D 0000000000000001 0 16115 16114 0x00000004 ffff88007d775d98 0000000000000082 ffff88007d775fd8 ffff88007d774000 0000000000013a80 ffff8800020347e0 ffff88007d775fd8 0000000000013a80 ffff880133730000 ffff880002034440 ffffea0004333db8 ffffffffa071c020 Call Trace: [<ffffffff815b9997>] __mutex_lock_slowpath+0xf7/0x180 [<ffffffff815b93eb>] mutex_lock+0x2b/0x50 [<ffffffffa071a21c>] nbd_ioctl+0x6c/0x1c0 [nbd] [<ffffffff812cb970>] blkdev_ioctl+0x230/0x730 [<ffffffff811967a1>] block_ioctl+0x41/0x50 [<ffffffff81175c03>] do_vfs_ioctl+0x93/0x370 [<ffffffff81175f61>] sys_ioctl+0x81/0xa0 [<ffffffff8100c0c2>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b Instrumenting the nbd module's ioctl handler with some extra logging clearly shows the NBD_DO_IT ioctl being invoked which is a long-lived ioctl in the sense that it doesn't return until another ioctl asks the driver to disconnect. However, that other ioctl blocks, waiting for the module-level mutex that replaced the BKL, and then we're stuck. This patch removes the module-level mutex altogether. It's clearly wrong, and as far as I can see, it's entirely unnecessary, since the nbd driver maintains per-device mutexes, and I don't see anything that would require a module-level (or kernel-level, for that matter) mutex. Signed-off-by: Soren Hansen <soren@linux2go.dk> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com> Acked-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-05block: autoconvert trivial BKL users to private mutexArnd Bergmann
The block device drivers have all gained new lock_kernel calls from a recent pushdown, and some of the drivers were already using the BKL before. This turns the BKL into a set of per-driver mutexes. Still need to check whether this is safe to do. file=$1 name=$2 if grep -q lock_kernel ${file} ; then if grep -q 'include.*linux.mutex.h' ${file} ; then sed -i '/include.*<linux\/smp_lock.h>/d' ${file} else sed -i 's/include.*<linux\/smp_lock.h>.*$/include <linux\/mutex.h>/g' ${file} fi sed -i ${file} \ -e "/^#include.*linux.mutex.h/,$ { 1,/^\(static\|int\|long\)/ { /^\(static\|int\|long\)/istatic DEFINE_MUTEX(${name}_mutex); } }" \ -e "s/\(un\)*lock_kernel\>[ ]*()/mutex_\1lock(\&${name}_mutex)/g" \ -e '/[ ]*cycle_kernel_lock();/d' else sed -i -e '/include.*\<smp_lock.h\>/d' ${file} \ -e '/cycle_kernel_lock()/d' fi Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2010-08-10Merge branch 'for-2.6.36' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds
* 'for-2.6.36' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (149 commits) block: make sure that REQ_* types are seen even with CONFIG_BLOCK=n xen-blkfront: fix missing out label blkdev: fix blkdev_issue_zeroout return value block: update request stacking methods to support discards block: fix missing export of blk_types.h writeback: fix bad _bh spinlock nesting drbd: revert "delay probes", feature is being re-implemented differently drbd: Initialize all members of sync_conf to their defaults [Bugz 315] drbd: Disable delay probes for the upcomming release writeback: cleanup bdi_register writeback: add new tracepoints writeback: remove unnecessary init_timer call writeback: optimize periodic bdi thread wakeups writeback: prevent unnecessary bdi threads wakeups writeback: move bdi threads exiting logic to the forker thread writeback: restructure bdi forker loop a little writeback: move last_active to bdi writeback: do not remove bdi from bdi_list writeback: simplify bdi code a little writeback: do not lose wake-ups in bdi threads ... Fixed up pretty trivial conflicts in drivers/block/virtio_blk.c and drivers/scsi/scsi_error.c as per Jens.
2010-08-07block: push down BKL into .locked_ioctlArnd Bergmann
As a preparation for the removal of the big kernel lock in the block layer, this removes the BKL from the common ioctl handling code, moving it into every single driver still using it. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2010-08-07block: remove wrappers for request type/flagsChristoph Hellwig
Remove all the trivial wrappers for the cmd_type and cmd_flags fields in struct requests. This allows much easier grepping for different request types instead of unwinding through macros. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
2010-07-19update email addressPavel Machek
pavel@suse.cz no longer works, replace it with working address. Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2009-09-22const: make block_device_operations constAlexey Dobriyan
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-05-11block: implement and enforce request peek/start/fetchTejun Heo
Till now block layer allowed two separate modes of request execution. A request is always acquired from the request queue via elv_next_request(). After that, drivers are free to either dequeue it or process it without dequeueing. Dequeue allows elv_next_request() to return the next request so that multiple requests can be in flight. Executing requests without dequeueing has its merits mostly in allowing drivers for simpler devices which can't do sg to deal with segments only without considering request boundary. However, the benefit this brings is dubious and declining while the cost of the API ambiguity is increasing. Segment based drivers are usually for very old or limited devices and as converting to dequeueing model isn't difficult, it doesn't justify the API overhead it puts on block layer and its more modern users. Previous patches converted all block low level drivers to dequeueing model. This patch completes the API transition by... * renaming elv_next_request() to blk_peek_request() * renaming blkdev_dequeue_request() to blk_start_request() * adding blk_fetch_request() which is combination of peek and start * disallowing completion of queued (not started) requests * applying new API to all LLDs Renamings are for consistency and to break out of tree code so that it's apparent that out of tree drivers need updating. [ Impact: block request issue API cleanup, no functional change ] Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Mike Miller <mike.miller@hp.com> Cc: unsik Kim <donari75@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.net> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent@lvivier.info> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: Adrian McMenamin <adrian@mcmen.demon.co.uk> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <petkovbb@googlemail.com> Cc: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Cc: Alex Dubov <oakad@yahoo.com> Cc: Pierre Ossman <drzeus@drzeus.cx> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Markus Lidel <Markus.Lidel@shadowconnect.com> Cc: Stefan Weinhuber <wein@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-05-11block: blk_rq_[cur_]_{sectors|bytes}() usage cleanupTejun Heo
With the previous changes, the followings are now guaranteed for all requests in any valid state. * blk_rq_sectors() == blk_rq_bytes() >> 9 * blk_rq_cur_sectors() == blk_rq_cur_bytes() >> 9 Clean up accessor usages. Notable changes are * nbd,i2o_block: end_all used instead of explicit byte count * scsi_lib: unnecessary conditional on request type removed [ Impact: cleanup ] Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: Alex Dubov <oakad@yahoo.com> Cc: Markus Lidel <Markus.Lidel@shadowconnect.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Boaz Harrosh <bharrosh@panasas.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-05-11block: convert to pos and nr_sectors accessorsTejun Heo
With recent cleanups, there is no place where low level driver directly manipulates request fields. This means that the 'hard' request fields always equal the !hard fields. Convert all rq->sectors, nr_sectors and current_nr_sectors references to accessors. While at it, drop superflous blk_rq_pos() < 0 test in swim.c. [ Impact: use pos and nr_sectors accessors ] Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <Geert.Uytterhoeven@sonycom.com> Tested-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Acked-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Tested-by: Adrian McMenamin <adrian@mcmen.demon.co.uk> Acked-by: Adrian McMenamin <adrian@mcmen.demon.co.uk> Acked-by: Mike Miller <mike.miller@hp.com> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Bartlomiej Zolnierkiewicz <bzolnier@gmail.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <petkovbb@googlemail.com> Cc: Sergei Shtylyov <sshtylyov@ru.mvista.com> Cc: Eric Moore <Eric.Moore@lsi.com> Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Cc: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Tim Waugh <tim@cyberelk.net> Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@pobox.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Cc: Alex Dubov <oakad@yahoo.com> Cc: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Dario Ballabio <ballabio_dario@emc.com> Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: unsik Kim <donari75@gmail.com> Cc: Laurent Vivier <Laurent@lvivier.info> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-05-11nbd: don't clear rq->sector and nr_sectors unnecessarilyTejun Heo
There's no reason to clear rq->sector and nr_sectors after calling blk_rq_init(). They're guaranteed to be clear. Drop unnecessary clearing. [ Impact: cleanup ] Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2009-04-02nbd: trivial cleanupsPavel Machek
Trivial cleanups for nbd: only the return -EIO one really changes code, and I've verified all the callers (plus 0 == success, 1 == error convention is really ugly). Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> Acked-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-02nbd: add locking to nbd_ioctlPavel Machek
The code was written to rely on big kernel lock to protect it from races. It mostly works when interface is not abused. So this uses tx_lock to protect data structures from concurrent use between ioctl and worker threads. Next step will be moving from ioctl to unlocked_ioctl. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: add missing return] Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> Acked-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-02-11nbd: fix I/O hang on disconnected nbdsPaul Clements
Fix a problem that causes I/O to a disconnected (or partially initialized) nbd device to hang indefinitely. To reproduce: # ioctl NBD_SET_SIZE_BLOCKS /dev/nbd23 514048 # dd if=/dev/nbd23 of=/dev/null bs=4096 count=1 ...hangs... This can also occur when an nbd device loses its nbd-client/server connection. Although we clear the queue of any outstanding I/Os after the client/server connection fails, any additional I/Os that get queued later will hang. This bug may also be the problem reported in this bug report: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=12277 Testing would need to be performed to determine if the two issues are the same. This problem was introduced by the new request handling thread code ("NBD: allow nbd to be used locally", 3/2008), which entered into mainline around 2.6.25. The fix, which is fairly simple, is to restore the check for lo->sock being NULL in do_nbd_request. This causes I/O to an uninitialized nbd to immediately fail with an I/O error, as it did prior to the introduction of this bug. Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Reported-by: Jon Nelson <jnelson-kernel-bugzilla@jamponi.net> Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.26.x, 2.6.27.x, 2.6.28.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-15nbd: do not allow two clients at the same timePavel Machek
Two nbd-clients at same time are bad idea, and cause WARN_ON from nbd in 2.6.28-rc7 from sysfs_add_one. This simply prevents that from happening. To reproduce: cat /dev/zero | head -c 10000000 > /tmp/delme.fstest.fs nbd-server 9100 -l /anyone.can.connect > /tmp/delme.fstest.fs & sleep 1 nbd-client localhost 9100 /dev/nd0 & nbd-client localhost 9100 /dev/nd0 & Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz> Acked-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-12-29nbd: tell the block layer that it is not a rotational deviceJens Axboe
Then we can get rid of that manual elevator type fiddling. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-12-29block: get rid of elevator_t typedefJens Axboe
Just use struct elevator_queue everywhere instead. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-10-21[PATCH] switch nbdAl Viro
NB: nbd_ioctl() appears to be racy; BKL is held, but doesn't really help, AFAICS. Left as-is for now, but it'll need fixing. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-10-21[PATCH] beginning of methods conversionAl Viro
To keep the size of changesets sane we split the switch by drivers; to keep the damn thing bisectable we do the following: 1) rename the affected methods, add ones with correct prototypes, make (few) callers handle both. That's this changeset. 2) for each driver convert to new methods. *ALL* drivers are converted in this series. 3) kill the old (renamed) methods. Note that it _is_ a flagday; all in-tree drivers are converted and by the end of this series no trace of old methods remain. The only reason why we do that this way is to keep the damn thing bisectable and allow per-driver debugging if anything goes wrong. New methods: open(bdev, mode) release(disk, mode) ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg) /* Called without BKL */ compat_ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg) locked_ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg) /* Called with BKL, legacy */ Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-10-20x86: sysfs: kill owner field from attributeParag Warudkar
Tejun's commit 7b595756ec1f49e0049a9e01a1298d53a7faaa15 made sysfs attribute->owner unnecessary. But the field was left in the structure to ease the merge. It's been over a year since that change and it is now time to start killing attribute->owner along with its users - one arch at a time! This patch is attempt #1 to get rid of attribute->owner only for CONFIG_X86_64 or CONFIG_X86_32 . We will deal with other arches later on as and when possible - avr32 will be the next since that is something I can test. Compile (make allyesconfig / make allmodconfig / custom config) and boot tested. akpm: the idea is that we put the declaration of sttribute.owner inside `#ifndef CONFIG_X86'. But that proved to be too ambitious for now because new usages kept on turning up in subsystem trees. [akpm: remove the ifdef for now] Signed-off-by: Parag Warudkar <parag.lkml@gmail.com> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Cc: Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org> Cc: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com> Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-09block: implement and use {disk|part}_to_dev()Tejun Heo
Implement {disk|part}_to_dev() and use them to access generic device instead of directly dereferencing {disk|part}->dev. To make sure no user is left behind, rename generic devices fields to __dev. This is in preparation of unifying partition 0 handling with other partitions. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-08-20nbd: fix memory leak of nbd_dev arraySven Wegener
We leak the memory allocated for the nbd_dev array at multiple places. Fix them by either adding a kfree() or by rearranging code to return before we allocate the memory. Signed-off-by: Sven Wegener <sven.wegener@stealer.net> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: block: Skip I/O merges when disabled block: add large command support block: replace sizeof(rq->cmd) with BLK_MAX_CDB ide: use blk_rq_init() to initialize the request block: use blk_rq_init() to initialize the request block: rename and export rq_init() block: no need to initialize rq->cmd with blk_get_request block: no need to initialize rq->cmd in prepare_flush_fn hook block/blk-barrier.c:blk_ordered_cur_seq() mustn't be inline block/elevator.c:elv_rq_merge_ok() mustn't be inline block: make queue flags non-atomic block: add dma alignment and padding support to blk_rq_map_kern unexport blk_max_pfn ps3disk: Remove superfluous cast block: make rq_init() do a full memset() relay: fix splice problem
2008-04-29Remove duplicated unlikely() in IS_ERR()Hirofumi Nakagawa
Some drivers have duplicated unlikely() macros. IS_ERR() already has unlikely() in itself. This patch cleans up such pointless code. Signed-off-by: Hirofumi Nakagawa <hnakagawa@miraclelinux.com> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Acked-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net> Cc: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it> Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net> Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com> Cc: Michael Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com> Cc: Anton Altaparmakov <aia21@cantab.net> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Cc: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz> Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29NBD: add partition supportLaurent Vivier
Permit the use of partitions with network block devices (NBD). A new parameter is introduced to define how many partition we want to be able to manage per network block device. This parameter is "max_part". For instance, to manage 63 partitions / loop device, we will do: [on the server side] # nbd-server 1234 /dev/sdb [on the client side] # modprobe nbd max_part=63 # ls -l /dev/nbd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 0 2008-03-25 11:14 /dev/nbd0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 64 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 640 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd10 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 704 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd11 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 768 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd12 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 832 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd13 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 896 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd14 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 960 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd15 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 128 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 192 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd3 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 256 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd4 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 320 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd5 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 384 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd6 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 448 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd7 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 512 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd8 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 576 2008-03-25 11:11 /dev/nbd9 # nbd-client localhost 1234 /dev/nbd0 Negotiation: ..size = 80418240KB bs=1024, sz=80418240 -------NOTE, RFC: partition table is not automatically read. The driver sets bdev->bd_invalidated to 1 to force the read of the partition table of the device, but this is done only on an open of the device. So we have to do a "touch /dev/nbdX" or something like that. It can't be done from the nbd-client or nbd driver because at this level we can't ask to read the partition table and to serve the request at the same time (-> deadlock) If someone has a better idea, I'm open to any suggestion. -------NOTE, RFC # fdisk -l /dev/nbd0 Disk /dev/nbd0: 82.3 GB, 82348277760 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10011 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/nbd0p1 * 1 9965 80043831 83 Linux /dev/nbd0p2 9966 10011 369495 5 Extended /dev/nbd0p5 9966 10011 369463+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris # ls -l /dev/nbd0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 0 2008-03-25 11:16 /dev/nbd0 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 1 2008-03-25 11:16 /dev/nbd0p1 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 2 2008-03-25 11:16 /dev/nbd0p2 brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 5 2008-03-25 11:16 /dev/nbd0p5 # mount /dev/nbd0p1 /mnt # ls /mnt bin dev initrd lost+found opt sbin sys var boot etc initrd.img media proc selinux tmp vmlinuz cdrom home lib mnt root srv usr # umount /mnt # nbd-client -d /dev/nbd0 # ls -l /dev/nbd0* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 43, 0 2008-03-25 11:16 /dev/nbd0 -------NOTE On "nbd-client -d", we can do an iocl(BLKRRPART) to update partition table: as the size of the device is 0, we don't have to serve the partition manager request (-> no deadlock). -------NOTE Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29NBD: allow nbd to be used locallyLaurent Vivier
This patch allows Network Block Device to be mounted locally (nbd-client to nbd-server over 127.0.0.1). It creates a kthread to avoid the deadlock described in NBD tools documentation. So, if nbd-client hangs waiting for pages, the kblockd thread can continue its work and free pages. I have tested the patch to verify that it avoids the hang that always occurs when writing to a localhost nbd connection. I have also tested to verify that no performance degradation results from the additional thread and queue. Patch originally from Laurent Vivier. Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <Laurent.Vivier@bull.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29block: use blk_rq_init() to initialize the requestFUJITA Tomonori
Any path needs to call it to initialize the request. This is a preparation for large command support, which needs to initialize the request in a proper way (that is, just doing a memset() will not work). Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-04-02nbd: prevent sock_xmit from attempting to use a NULL socketMike Snitzer
NBD does not protect the nbd_device's socket from becoming NULL during receives. This closes a race with the NBD_CLEAR_SOCK ioctl (nbd-client -d) setting the nbd_device's socket to NULL right before NBD calls sock_xmit. Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-23NBD: make nbd default to deadline I/O schedulerPaul Clements
NBD doesn't work well with CFQ (or AS) schedulers, so let's default to something else. The two problems I have experienced with nbd and cfq are: 1) nbd hangs with cfq on RHEL 5 (2.6.18) -- this may well have been fixed There's a similar debian bug that has been filed as well: http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=447638 There have been posts to nbd-general mailing list about problems with cfq and nbd also. 2) nbd performs about 10% better (the last time I tested) with deadline vs. cfq (the overhead of cfq doesn't provide much advantage to nbd [not being a real disk], and you end up going through the I/O scheduler on the nbd server anyway, so it makes sense that deadline is better with nbd) Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-08NBD: remove limit on max number of nbd devicesPaul Clements
Remove the arbitrary 128 device limit for NBD. nbds_max can now be set to any number. In certain scenarios where devices are used sparsely we have run into the 128 device limit. Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-01-28blk_end_request: changing nbd (take 4)Kiyoshi Ueda
This patch converts nbd to use blk_end_request interfaces. Related 'uptodate' arguments are converted to 'error'. Cc: Paul Clements <Paul.Clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2008-01-24Driver core: convert block from raw kobjects to core devicesKay Sievers
This moves the block devices to /sys/class/block. It will create a flat list of all block devices, with the disks and partitions in one directory. For compatibility /sys/block is created and contains symlinks to the disks. /sys/class/block |-- sda -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda |-- sda1 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1 |-- sda10 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda10 |-- sda5 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5 |-- sda6 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda6 |-- sda7 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda7 |-- sda8 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda8 |-- sda9 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda9 `-- sr0 -> ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0 /sys/block/ |-- sda -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda `-- sr0 -> ../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0/block/sr0 Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-11-12[NET]: Add the helper kernel_sock_shutdown()Trond Myklebust
...and fix a couple of bugs in the NBD, CIFS and OCFS2 socket handlers. Looking at the sock->op->shutdown() handlers, it looks as if all of them take a SHUT_RD/SHUT_WR/SHUT_RDWR argument instead of the RCV_SHUTDOWN/SEND_SHUTDOWN arguments. Add a helper, and then define the SHUT_* enum to ensure that kernel users of shutdown() don't get confused. Signed-off-by: Trond Myklebust <Trond.Myklebust@netapp.com> Acked-by: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2007-10-20remove unused return within void return functionDenis Cheng
Signed-off-by: Denis Cheng <crquan@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
2007-10-19Use helpers to obtain task pid in printksPavel Emelyanov
The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in the kernel. The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff] Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-17NBD: allow hung network I/O to be cancelledPaul Clements
Allow NBD I/O to be cancelled when a network outage occurs. Previously, I/O would just hang, and if enough I/O was hung in nbd, the system (at least user-level) would completely hang until a TCP timeout (default, 15 minutes) occurred. The patch introduces a new ioctl NBD_SET_TIMEOUT that allows a transmit timeout value (in seconds) to be specified. Any network send that exceeds the timeout will be cancelled and the nbd connection will be shut down. I've tested with various timeout values and 6 seconds seems to be a good choice for the timeout. If the NBD_SET_TIMEOUT ioctl is not called, you get the old (I/O hang) behavior. Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-17NBD: set uninitialized devices to size 0Paul Clements
This fixes errors with utilities (such as LVM's vgscan) that try to scan all devices. Previously this would generate read errors when uninitialized nbd devices were scanned: # vgscan Reading all physical volumes. This may take a while... /dev/nbd0: read failed after 0 of 1024 at 0: Input/output error /dev/nbd0: read failed after 0 of 1024 at 509804544: Input/output error /dev/nbd0: read failed after 0 of 2048 at 0: Input/output error /dev/nbd1: read failed after 0 of 1024 at 509804544: Input/output error /dev/nbd1: read failed after 0 of 2048 at 0: Input/output error From now on, uninitialized nbd devices will have size zero, which prevents these errors. Signed-off-by: Paul Clements <paul.clements@steeleye.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>