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path: root/drivers/mmc
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2011-10-26mmc: core: new discard feature support at eMMC v4.5Kyungmin Park
MMC v4.5 supports the DISCARD feature (CMD38). It's different from trim and there's no check bit. Currently it's only supported at v4.5. Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: mmc sanitize feature support for v4.5Kyungmin Park
In the v4.5, there's no secure erase & trim support. Instead it supports the sanitize feature. Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: dw_mmc: modify DATA register offsetJaehoon Chung
In dw_mmc 2.40a spec, Data register's offset is changed. Before we used Data register offset 0x100. but if somebody uses a 2.40a controller, we must use 0x200 for Data register. This patch adds a version-id checking point and uses SDMMC_DATA(x) instead of SDMMC_DATA. It assumes 2.40a is the latest version. Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Acked-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-pci: add flag for devices that can support runtime PMAdrian Hunter
Only allow runtime PM for devices that specifically indicate that they support it. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: omap_hsmmc: ensure pbias configuration is always doneAdrian Hunter
Go through the driver's set_power() functions rather than calling regulator_enable/disable() directly because otherwise pbias configuration for MMC1 is not done. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@nokia.com> Acked-by: Balaji T K <balajitk@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: Add Power Off Notify Feature eMMC 4.5Girish K S
This patch adds support for the power off notify feature, available in eMMC 4.5 devices. If the host has support for this feature, then the mmc core will notify the device by setting the POWER_OFF_NOTIFICATION byte in the extended csd register with a value of 1 (POWER_ON). For suspend mode short timeout is used, whereas for the normal poweroff long timeout is used. Signed-off-by: Girish K S <girish.shivananjappa@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-s3c: fix potential NULL dereferenceJaehoon Chung
sc->clk_bus[ptr] could be NULL. Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: replace printk with appropriate display macroGirish K S
All the files using printk function for displaying kernel messages in the mmc driver have been replaced with corresponding macro. Signed-off-by: Girish K S <girish.shivananjappa@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: Add default timeout value for CMD6Seungwon Jeon
EXT_CSD[248] includes the default maximum timeout for CMD6. This field is added at eMMC4.5 Spec. And it can be used for default timeout except for some operations which don't define the timeout (i.e. background operation, sanitize, flush cache) in eMMC4.5 Spec. Signed-off-by: Seungwon Jeon <tgih.jun@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jaehoon Chung <jh80.chung@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-pci: add runtime pm supportAdrian Hunter
Ths patch allows runtime PM for sdhci-pci, runtime suspending after inactivity of 50ms and ensuring runtime resume before SDHC registers are accessed. During runtime suspend, interrupts are masked. The host controller state is restored at runtime resume. For Medfield, the host controller's card detect mechanism is supplanted by an always-on GPIO which provides for card detect wake-up. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: move ->request() call from atomic contextAdrian Hunter
mmc_request_done() is sometimes called from interrupt or other atomic context. Mostly all mmc_request_done() does is complete(), however it contains code to retry on error, which uses ->request(). As the error path is certainly not performance critical, this may be moved to the waiting function mmc_wait_for_req_done(). This allows ->request() to use runtime PM get_sync() and guarantee it is never in an atomic context. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Acked-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@stericsson.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: Add module.h to drivers/mmc users assuming implicit presence.Paul Gortmaker
We are cleaning up the implicit presence of module.h; these guys are some of the people who just assume it will be there. Call it out explitly for those that really need it. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: using module_param requires the inclusion of moduleparam.hStephen Rothwell
Commit "mmc: add module param to set fault injection attributes" adds a module_param to this file. But it is relying on the old implicit "module.h is everywhere" behaviour, and without the explicit include of moduleparam.h, the pending module.h split up produces this error: core/debugfs.c:28:35: error: expected ')' before numeric constant Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: general purpose MMC partition support.Namjae Jeon
It allows gerneral purpose partitions in MMC Device. And I try to simply make mmc_blk_alloc_parts using mmc_part structure suggested by Andrei Warkentin. After patching, we see general purpose partitions like this: > cat /proc/partitions 179 0 847872 mmcblk0 179 192 4096 mmcblk0gp3 179 160 4096 mmcblk0gp2 179 128 4096 mmcblk0gp1 179 96 1052672 mmcblk0gp0 179 64 1024 mmcblk0boot1 179 32 1024 mmcblk0boot0 Signed-off-by: Namjae Jeon <linkinjeon@gmail.com> Acked-by: Andrei Warkentin <awarkentin@vmware.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: ext_csd.raw_* used in comparison but never setAndrei Warkentin
f39b2dd9d ("mmc: core: Bus width testing needs to handle suspend/resume") added code to only compare read-only ext_csd fields in bus width testing code, yet it's comparing some fields that are never set. The affected fields are ext_csd.raw_erased_mem_count and ext_csd.raw_partition_support. Signed-off-by: Andrei Warkentin <andrey.warkentin@gmail.com> Acked-by: Philip Rakity <prakity@marvell.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: irq: Remove IRQF_DISABLEDYong Zhang
Since commit [e58aa3d2: genirq: Run irq handlers with interrupts disabled], we run all interrupt handlers with interrupts disabled and we even check and yell when an interrupt handler returns with interrupts enabled (see commit [b738a50a: genirq: Warn when handler enables interrupts]). So now this flag is a NOOP and can be removed. Signed-off-by: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang0@gmail.com> Acked-by: Kishore Kadiyala <kishore.kadiyala@ti.com> Acked-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: block: support no access to boot partitionsAdrian Hunter
Intel Medfield platform blocks access to eMMC boot partitions which results in switch errors. Since there is no access, mmcboot0/1 devices should not be created. Add a host capability to reflect that. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: block: fix boot partition switch error pathAdrian Hunter
In the case of a switch error, do not update partition config as though the switch succeeded, and ensure blk_end_request is called on the failed request. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Acked-by: Andrei Warkentin <andrey.warkentin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: eMMC 4.5 Power Class Selection FeatureGirish K S
This patch adds the power class selection feature available for mmc versions 4.0 and above. During the enumeration stage before switching to the lower data bus, check if the power class is supported for the current bus width. If the power class is available then switch to the power class and use the higher data bus. If power class is not supported then switch to the lower data bus in a worst case. Signed-off-by: Girish K S <girish.shivananjappa@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: add module param to set fault injection attributesPer Forlin
Replace setup("fail_mmc_request") and faulty "ifdef KERNEL" with a simple module_param(). The module param mmc_core.fail_request may be used to set the fault injection attributes during boot time or module load time. Signed-off-by: Per Forlin <per.forlin@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-esdhc-imx: add basic imx6q usdhc supportShawn Guo
This patch adds the basic support for imx6q usdhc, which is a derivative of esdhc controller. Signed-off-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: add sd uhs string for mmc_ios_showAaron Lu
This is a minor fix. It makes mmc_ios_show print proper string when the host's timing is one of the newly added UHS-I modes. Signed-off-by: Aaron Lu <aaron.lu@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sh_mmcif: simplify platform dataGuennadi Liakhovetski
Provide platforms with a simplified way to specify MMCIF DMA slave IDs in a way, similar to SDHI and other sh_dma clients. Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: block: add eMMC hardware reset supportAdrian Hunter
For cards that support hardware reset (just eMMC), try a reset and retry before returning an I/O error. However this is not done for ECC errors and is never done twice for the same operation type (READ, WRITE, DISCARD, SECURE DISCARD) until that type of operation again succeeds. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: mmc-test: add eMMC hardware reset testAdrian Hunter
MMC core provides a checking function that checks if the reset has happended. Add a test to use that function. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-pci: add eMMC hardware reset supportAdrian Hunter
Implement eMMC hardware reset for Medfield. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci: add eMMC hardware reset supportAdrian Hunter
Add an SDHCI operation for hardware reset and connect it to the host controller operation. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: add eMMC hardware reset supportAdrian Hunter
eMMC's may have a hardware reset line. This patch provides a host controller operation to implement hardware reset and a function to reset and reinitialize the card. Also, for MMC, the reset is always performed before initialization. The host must set the new host capability MMC_CAP_HW_RESET to enable hardware reset. Signed-off-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: mmci: simplify err check in mmci_post_requestPer Forlin
The error condition indicates that mmci_post_request() should cleanup after the mmci_pre_request(). In this case the resources allocated by device_prep_slave_sg() are freed by calling dmaengine_terminate_all(). dma_unmap_sg() should always be performed if the host_cookie is set. Signed-off-by: Per Forlin <per.forlin@linaro.org> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: clarify how to use post_req in case of errorsPer Forlin
The err condition in post_req() is set to undo a call made to pre_req() that hasn't been started yet. The err condition is not set if an MMC request returns an error. Signed-off-by: Per Forlin <per.forlin@linaro.org> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: Set correct bus mode before card initStefan Nilsson XK
Earlier all cards where initiated with bus mode set as OPENDRAIN, and then later switched to PUSHPULL. According to the MMC/SD/SDIO specifications only MMC cards use OPENDRAIN during init. For both SD and SDIO the bus mode shall be PUSHPULL before attempting to init the card. The consequence of having incorrect bus mode can lead to not being able to detect the card. Therefore the default behavior have now been changed to PUSHPULL in mmc_power_up, and will only be temporarily switched when trying to attach or init a MMC card. Signed-off-by: Stefan Nilsson XK <stefan.xk.nilsson@stericsson.com> Signed-off-by: Ulf HANSSON <ulf.hansson@stericsson.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdio: Workaround for dev with broken CMD53Stefan Nilsson XK
Adds a quirk which can be turned on for SDIO devices that do not support 512 byte requests in byte mode during CMD53. These requests will always be sent in block mode instead. This patch also enables this quirk for ST-Ericsson CW1200 WLAN device. Signed-off-by: Stefan Nilsson XK <stefan.xk.nilsson@stericsson.com> Signed-off-by: Ulf HANSSON <ulf.hansson@stericsson.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-pxa: Check pdata before using its membersTanmay Upadhyay
Signed-off-by: Tanmay Upadhyay <tanmay.upadhyay@einfochips.com> Acked-by: Zhangfei Gao <zhangfei.gao@marvell.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: Fix hangs related to insert/remove of cardsUlf Hansson
During a rescan operation mmc_attach(sd|mmc|sdio) functions are called. The error handling in these function can trigger a detach of the bus, which also meant a power off. This is not notified by the rescan operation which then continues to the next attach function. If a power off has been done, the framework must never send any new commands to the host driver, without first doing a new power up. This will most likely trigger any host driver to hang. Moving power off out of detach and instead handle power off separately when it is actually needed, solves the issue. Signed-off-by: Ulf Hansson <ulf.hansson@stericsson.com> Acked-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-spear: Don't set power gpio to 1 on probeViresh Kumar
Currently if card_power_gpio is passed from platform data, it is acquired and its value is either set or reset. After that we overwrite it with 1, which is not required. So, this patch removes the extra line which sets its value. Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@st.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-of-esdhc: Access Freescale eSDHC registers as 32-bitXu lei
Freescale eSDHC registers only support 32-bit accesses, this patch ensures that all Freescale eSDHC register accesses are 32-bit. Signed-off-by: Xu lei <B33228@freescale.com> Signed-off-by: Roy Zang <tie-fei.zang@freescale.com> Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org> Acked-by: Anton Vorontsov <cbouatmailru@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: Put eMMC in Sleep mode before suspendBalaji T K
Put MMC to sleep if it supports SLEEP/AWAKE (CMD5) in the mmc suspend so that Vcc (NAND core) can be cut to minimize power consumption. eMMC put into SLEEP can respond to CMD0 or H/W reset or CMD5. Current implemention on resume from suspend relies on CMD0 in mmc_init_card to get out of SLEEP mode. Signed-off-by: Balaji T K <balajitk@ti.com> Acked-by: Venkatraman S <svenkatr@ti.com> Reviewed-by: Subhash Jadavani <subhashj@codeaurora.org> Acked-by: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-s3c: add default controller configurationThomas Abraham
The default controller configuration which was previously setup by platform helper functions is moved into the driver. Cc: Ben Dooks <ben-linux@fluff.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Abraham <thomas.abraham@linaro.org> Acked-by: Kukjin Kim <kgene.kim@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: core: add a short delay in mmc_power_offDaniel Drake
Stress-testing the runtime power management of libertas_sdio through a rmmod/insmod loop revealed that it is quite easy to cause an ETIMEDOUT failure in mmc_sdio_power_restore() leading to: libertas_sdio: probe of mmc1:0001:1 failed with error -16 Experimentation shows that a very short delay (100us) is needed in the power down path before the card can be successfully booted again. We know that this setup is lacking poweroff clamps on the card's power lines, but as only a short delay is needed, apply this unconditionally. Also bump up to 1ms sleep for extra legroom. Signed-off-by: Daniel Drake <dsd@laptop.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhci-tegra: Add 8-bit support to device tree binding.Stephen Warren
The previous patch which implemented a DT binding for sdhci-tegra did not allow all platform data fields to be initialized from DT. The following were missing: is_8bit: Implemented by this patch. pm_flags: Not implemented yet. There are no mainline users of this field. I'm not quite sure what it's for, and hence how to represent this in DT; the value ends up being assigned to host->mmc->pm_caps. While we're at it, fix the binding documentation to refer to "SD/MMC" instead of "eSDHC", since that's the correct name; "eSDHC" was cut/paste from the Freescale binding docs. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: dw_mmc: Support SDIO interrupts for all slotsShashidhar Hiremath
The Patch adds the support for SDIO interrupts for all slots. It includes enabling of SDIO interrupts through dw_mci_enable_sdio_irq and the handling of the slot specific interrupts in the Interrupt Service Routine. Signed-off-by: Shashidhar Hiremath <shashidharh@vayavyalabs.com> Acked-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Handle dma resource not present caseSubhash Jadavani
If DMA resource is not available then SDCC driver should atleast work in PIO data transfer mode. Signed-off-by: Subhash Jadavani <subhashj@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Change initialization order of busclk_timer in probeSahitya Tummala
Intialize busclk_timer before it is accessed in probe. Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Use MCI_INT_MASK0 for PIO interruptsSahitya Tummala
Not all targets have IRQ1 line routed from the SD controller to the processor. So we cannot rely on IRQ1 for PIO interrupts. This patch moves all PIO interrupts to IRQ0 and enables the PIO mode. Signed-off-by: Murali Palnati <palnatim@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26msm: mmc: Remove "pio_irq" resourceSahitya Tummala
On some targets, MCI_IRQ_MASK1 is not routed to the MSM in which case only "cmd_irq" must be used even for PIO. With this change, all the targets will use only "cmd_irq" for both CMD and PIO. Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Enable SDC host->clk only after setting the rate.Sahitya Tummala
For clocks that support rates which can be set (most clocks other than _pclk AHB clocks), a rate must be set using clk_set_rate() before the clock is enabled for the first time with clk_enable(). Subsequent calls to clk_enable() need not be preceded with the clk_set_rate() calls unless we wish to change the clock rate that is set previously. SDC host->clk is currently enabled without setting the clock rate even once. This patch fixes this, by ensuring that the clock rate for this clock is first set before enabling the clock. Signed-off-by: Murali Palnati <palnatim@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Handle error cases in probeSahitya Tummala
Signed-off-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26msm: Implement init_card operation for MSM SDCCAlexander Tarasikov
This allows boards with non-standard sdio cards to fill the CIS/CCCR data. It is particularly important for old msm72k boards using wl1251. Also drop the obsolete embedded_sdio_data structure from the header as it was intended to surve a similiar purpose but was not implemented. Signed-off-by: Alexander Tarasikov <alexander.tarasikov@gmail.com> Acked-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> [davidb: minor formatting cleanup] Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: msm_sdcc: Fix a typo in MSM SDCC driver gpio setupAlexander Tarasikov
The use of && instead of || caused a NULL pointer dereference if gpio setup was not passed via platform data Signed-off-by: Alexander Tarasikov <alexander.tarasikov@gmail.com> Acked-by: Sahitya Tummala <stummala@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: David Brown <davidb@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
2011-10-26mmc: sdhi: Allow named IRQs to use specific handlersSimon Horman
Allow named IRQs to use corresponding specific handlers. If named IRQs are used, at least an "sdcard" IRQ has to be specified by the platform. If names are not used, an arbitrary number of IRQs can be provided by the platform, in which case the generic ISR will be used for each of them. Cc: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de> Acked-by: Magnus Damm <magnus.damm@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Simon Horman <horms@verge.net.au> [g.liakhovetski@gmx.de: style and typo corrections, platform data check] Signed-off-by: Guennadi Liakhovetski <g.liakhovetski@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>