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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2014-08-08fs/bfs: use bfs prefix for dump_imapFabian Frederick
All bfs related functions use bfs_ prefix. This patch also moves extern declaration to bfs.h and removes prototype from inode.c This fixes checkpatch warning: WARNING: externs should be avoided in .c files Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Cc: "Tigran A. Aivazian" <tigran@aivazian.fsnet.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-08-09BFS: clean up the superblock usageArtem Bityutskiy
BFS is a very simple FS and its superblocks contains only static information and is never changed. However, the BFS code for some misterious reasons marked its buffer head as dirty from time to time, but nothing in that buffer was ever changed. This patch removes all the BFS superblock manipulation, simply because it is not needed. It removes: 1. The si_sbh filed from 'struct bfs_sb_info' because it is not needed. We only need to read the SB once on mount to get the start of data blocks and the FS size. After this, we can forget about the SB. 2. All instances of 'mark_buffer_dirty(sbh)' for BFS SB because it is never changed. 3. The '->sync_fs()' method because there is nothing to sync (inodes are synched by VFS). 4. The '->write_super()' method, again, because the SB is never changed. Tested-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2008-07-26bfs: kill BKLDmitri Vorobiev
Replace the BKL-based locking scheme used in the bfs driver by a private filesystem-wide mutex. Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@movial.fi> Cc: Tigran Aivazian <tigran_aivazian@symantec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-26bfs: assorted cleanupsDmitri Vorobiev
This patch makes the following cleanups: o removing an unused variable from bfs_fill_super(); o removing unneeded blank spaces from pointer definitions. Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@movial.fi> Cc: Tigran Aivazian <tigran_aivazian@symantec.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-30fs: replace remaining __FUNCTION__ occurrencesHarvey Harrison
__FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__ Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07iget: stop BFS from using iget() and read_inode()David Howells
Stop the BFS filesystem from using iget() and read_inode(). Replace bfs_read_inode() with bfs_iget(), and call that instead of iget(). bfs_iget() then uses iget_locked() directly and returns a proper error code instead of an inode in the event of an error. bfs_fill_super() returns any error incurred when getting the root inode instead of EINVAL. [kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com: build fix] Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-11-14Fixes to the BFS filesystem driverDmitri Vorobiev
I found a few bugs in the BFS driver. Detailed description of the bugs as well as the steps to reproduce the errors are given in the kernel bugzilla. Please follow these links for more information: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9363 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9364 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9365 http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9366 This patch fixes the bugs described above. Besides, the patch introduces coding style changes to make the BFS driver conform to the requirements specified for Linux kernel code. Finally, I made a few cosmetic changes such as removal of trivial debug output. Also, the patch removes the fields `si_lf_ioff' and `si_lf_sblk' of the in-core superblock structure. These fields are initialized but never actually used. If you are wondering why I need BFS, here is the answer: I am using this driver in the context of Linux kernel classes I am teaching in the Moscow State University and in the International Institute of Information Technology in Pune, India. Signed-off-by: Dmitri Vorobiev <dmitri.vorobiev@gmail.com> Cc: Tigran Aivazian <tigran@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-12[PATCH] mark struct inode_operations const 1Arjan van de Ven
Many struct inode_operations in the kernel can be "const". Marking them const moves these to the .rodata section, which avoids false sharing with potential dirty data. In addition it'll catch accidental writes at compile time to these shared resources. Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2006-06-28[PATCH] mark address_space_operations constChristoph Hellwig
Same as with already do with the file operations: keep them in .rodata and prevents people from doing runtime patching. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Steven French <sfrench@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-03-28[PATCH] Make most file operations structs in fs/ constArjan van de Ven
This is a conversion to make the various file_operations structs in fs/ const. Basically a regexp job, with a few manual fixups The goal is both to increase correctness (harder to accidentally write to shared datastructures) and reducing the false sharing of cachelines with things that get dirty in .data (while .rodata is nicely read only and thus cache clean) Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-09[PATCH] bfs: fix endianness, signedness; add trivial bugfixAndrew Stribblehill
* Makes BFS code endianness-clean. * Fixes some signedness warnings. * Fixes a problem in fs/bfs/inode.c:164 where inodes not synced to disk don't get fully marked as clean. Here's how to reproduce it: # mount -o loop -t bfs /bfs.img /mnt # df -i /mnt Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /bfs.img 48 1 47 3% /mnt # df -k /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /bfs.img 512 5 508 1% /mnt # cp 60k-archive.zip /mnt/mt.zip # df -k /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /bfs.img 512 65 447 13% /mnt # df -i /mnt Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /bfs.img 48 2 46 5% /mnt # rm /mnt/mt.zip # echo $? 0 [If the unlink happens before the buffers flush, the following happens:] # df -i /mnt Filesystem Inodes IUsed IFree IUse% Mounted on /bfs.img 48 2 46 5% /mnt # df -k /mnt Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /bfs.img 512 65 447 13% /mnt fs/bfs/bfs.h | 1 Signed-off-by: Andrew Stribblehill <ads@wompom.org> Cc: <tigran@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!