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2018-06-15sched/core / kcov: avoid kcov_area during task switchMark Rutland
During a context switch, we first switch_mm() to the next task's mm, then switch_to() that new task. This means that vmalloc'd regions which had previously been faulted in can transiently disappear in the context of the prev task. Functions instrumented by KCOV may try to access a vmalloc'd kcov_area during this window, and as the fault handling code is instrumented, this results in a recursive fault. We must avoid accessing any kcov_area during this window. We can do so with a new flag in kcov_mode, set prior to switching the mm, and cleared once the new task is live. Since task_struct::kcov_mode isn't always a specific enum kcov_mode value, this is made an unsigned int. The manipulation is hidden behind kcov_{prepare,finish}_switch() helpers, which are empty for !CONFIG_KCOV kernels. The code uses macros because I can't use static inline functions without a circular include dependency between <linux/sched.h> and <linux/kcov.h>, since the definition of task_struct uses things defined in <linux/kcov.h> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180504135535.53744-4-mark.rutland@arm.com Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-06-12treewide: kzalloc() -> kcalloc()Kees Cook
The kzalloc() function has a 2-factor argument form, kcalloc(). This patch replaces cases of: kzalloc(a * b, gfp) with: kcalloc(a * b, gfp) as well as handling cases of: kzalloc(a * b * c, gfp) with: kzalloc(array3_size(a, b, c), gfp) as it's slightly less ugly than: kzalloc_array(array_size(a, b), c, gfp) This does, however, attempt to ignore constant size factors like: kzalloc(4 * 1024, gfp) though any constants defined via macros get caught up in the conversion. Any factors with a sizeof() of "unsigned char", "char", and "u8" were dropped, since they're redundant. The Coccinelle script used for this was: // Fix redundant parens around sizeof(). @@ type TYPE; expression THING, E; @@ ( kzalloc( - (sizeof(TYPE)) * E + sizeof(TYPE) * E , ...) | kzalloc( - (sizeof(THING)) * E + sizeof(THING) * E , ...) ) // Drop single-byte sizes and redundant parens. @@ expression COUNT; typedef u8; typedef __u8; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) ) // 2-factor product with sizeof(type/expression) and identifier or constant. @@ type TYPE; expression THING; identifier COUNT_ID; constant COUNT_CONST; @@ ( - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) ) // 2-factor product, only identifiers. @@ identifier SIZE, COUNT; @@ - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - SIZE * COUNT + COUNT, SIZE , ...) // 3-factor product with 1 sizeof(type) or sizeof(expression), with // redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING; identifier STRIDE, COUNT; type TYPE; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product with 2 sizeof(variable), with redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING1, THING2; identifier COUNT; type TYPE1, TYPE2; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(TYPE2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product, only identifiers, with redundant parens removed. @@ identifier STRIDE, SIZE, COUNT; @@ ( kzalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) ) // Any remaining multi-factor products, first at least 3-factor products, // when they're not all constants... @@ expression E1, E2, E3; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kzalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * (E3) + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - E1 * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) ) // And then all remaining 2 factors products when they're not all constants, // keeping sizeof() as the second factor argument. @@ expression THING, E1, E2; type TYPE; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kzalloc(sizeof(THING) * C2, ...) | kzalloc(sizeof(TYPE) * C2, ...) | kzalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kzalloc(C1 * C2, ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * E2 + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * E2 + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - (E1) * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - (E1) * (E2) + E1, E2 , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - E1 * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) ) Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2018-06-12treewide: kmalloc() -> kmalloc_array()Kees Cook
The kmalloc() function has a 2-factor argument form, kmalloc_array(). This patch replaces cases of: kmalloc(a * b, gfp) with: kmalloc_array(a * b, gfp) as well as handling cases of: kmalloc(a * b * c, gfp) with: kmalloc(array3_size(a, b, c), gfp) as it's slightly less ugly than: kmalloc_array(array_size(a, b), c, gfp) This does, however, attempt to ignore constant size factors like: kmalloc(4 * 1024, gfp) though any constants defined via macros get caught up in the conversion. Any factors with a sizeof() of "unsigned char", "char", and "u8" were dropped, since they're redundant. The tools/ directory was manually excluded, since it has its own implementation of kmalloc(). The Coccinelle script used for this was: // Fix redundant parens around sizeof(). @@ type TYPE; expression THING, E; @@ ( kmalloc( - (sizeof(TYPE)) * E + sizeof(TYPE) * E , ...) | kmalloc( - (sizeof(THING)) * E + sizeof(THING) * E , ...) ) // Drop single-byte sizes and redundant parens. @@ expression COUNT; typedef u8; typedef __u8; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) ) // 2-factor product with sizeof(type/expression) and identifier or constant. @@ type TYPE; expression THING; identifier COUNT_ID; constant COUNT_CONST; @@ ( - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) ) // 2-factor product, only identifiers. @@ identifier SIZE, COUNT; @@ - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - SIZE * COUNT + COUNT, SIZE , ...) // 3-factor product with 1 sizeof(type) or sizeof(expression), with // redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING; identifier STRIDE, COUNT; type TYPE; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product with 2 sizeof(variable), with redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING1, THING2; identifier COUNT; type TYPE1, TYPE2; @@ ( kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(TYPE2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kmalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product, only identifiers, with redundant parens removed. @@ identifier STRIDE, SIZE, COUNT; @@ ( kmalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kmalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) ) // Any remaining multi-factor products, first at least 3-factor products, // when they're not all constants... @@ expression E1, E2, E3; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kmalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * (E3) + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kmalloc( - E1 * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) ) // And then all remaining 2 factors products when they're not all constants, // keeping sizeof() as the second factor argument. @@ expression THING, E1, E2; type TYPE; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kmalloc(sizeof(THING) * C2, ...) | kmalloc(sizeof(TYPE) * C2, ...) | kmalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kmalloc(C1 * C2, ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(TYPE) * E2 + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - sizeof(THING) * E2 + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - (E1) * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - (E1) * (E2) + E1, E2 , ...) | - kmalloc + kmalloc_array ( - E1 * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) ) Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2018-06-10Merge branch 'core-rseq-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull restartable sequence support from Thomas Gleixner: "The restartable sequences syscall (finally): After a lot of back and forth discussion and massive delays caused by the speculative distraction of maintainers, the core set of restartable sequences has finally reached a consensus. It comes with the basic non disputed core implementation along with support for arm, powerpc and x86 and a full set of selftests It was exposed to linux-next earlier this week, so it does not fully comply with the merge window requirements, but there is really no point to drag it out for yet another cycle" * 'core-rseq-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: rseq/selftests: Provide Makefile, scripts, gitignore rseq/selftests: Provide parametrized tests rseq/selftests: Provide basic percpu ops test rseq/selftests: Provide basic test rseq/selftests: Provide rseq library selftests/lib.mk: Introduce OVERRIDE_TARGETS powerpc: Wire up restartable sequences system call powerpc: Add syscall detection for restartable sequences powerpc: Add support for restartable sequences x86: Wire up restartable sequence system call x86: Add support for restartable sequences arm: Wire up restartable sequences system call arm: Add syscall detection for restartable sequences arm: Add restartable sequences support rseq: Introduce restartable sequences system call uapi/headers: Provide types_32_64.h
2018-06-06rseq: Introduce restartable sequences system callMathieu Desnoyers
Expose a new system call allowing each thread to register one userspace memory area to be used as an ABI between kernel and user-space for two purposes: user-space restartable sequences and quick access to read the current CPU number value from user-space. * Restartable sequences (per-cpu atomics) Restartables sequences allow user-space to perform update operations on per-cpu data without requiring heavy-weight atomic operations. The restartable critical sections (percpu atomics) work has been started by Paul Turner and Andrew Hunter. It lets the kernel handle restart of critical sections. [1] [2] The re-implementation proposed here brings a few simplifications to the ABI which facilitates porting to other architectures and speeds up the user-space fast path. Here are benchmarks of various rseq use-cases. Test hardware: arm32: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) "Cubietruck", 2-core x86-64: Intel E5-2630 v3@2.40GHz, 16-core, hyperthreading The following benchmarks were all performed on a single thread. * Per-CPU statistic counter increment getcpu+atomic (ns/op) rseq (ns/op) speedup arm32: 344.0 31.4 11.0 x86-64: 15.3 2.0 7.7 * LTTng-UST: write event 32-bit header, 32-bit payload into tracer per-cpu buffer getcpu+atomic (ns/op) rseq (ns/op) speedup arm32: 2502.0 2250.0 1.1 x86-64: 117.4 98.0 1.2 * liburcu percpu: lock-unlock pair, dereference, read/compare word getcpu+atomic (ns/op) rseq (ns/op) speedup arm32: 751.0 128.5 5.8 x86-64: 53.4 28.6 1.9 * jemalloc memory allocator adapted to use rseq Using rseq with per-cpu memory pools in jemalloc at Facebook (based on rseq 2016 implementation): The production workload response-time has 1-2% gain avg. latency, and the P99 overall latency drops by 2-3%. * Reading the current CPU number Speeding up reading the current CPU number on which the caller thread is running is done by keeping the current CPU number up do date within the cpu_id field of the memory area registered by the thread. This is done by making scheduler preemption set the TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME flag on the current thread. Upon return to user-space, a notify-resume handler updates the current CPU value within the registered user-space memory area. User-space can then read the current CPU number directly from memory. Keeping the current cpu id in a memory area shared between kernel and user-space is an improvement over current mechanisms available to read the current CPU number, which has the following benefits over alternative approaches: - 35x speedup on ARM vs system call through glibc - 20x speedup on x86 compared to calling glibc, which calls vdso executing a "lsl" instruction, - 14x speedup on x86 compared to inlined "lsl" instruction, - Unlike vdso approaches, this cpu_id value can be read from an inline assembly, which makes it a useful building block for restartable sequences. - The approach of reading the cpu id through memory mapping shared between kernel and user-space is portable (e.g. ARM), which is not the case for the lsl-based x86 vdso. On x86, yet another possible approach would be to use the gs segment selector to point to user-space per-cpu data. This approach performs similarly to the cpu id cache, but it has two disadvantages: it is not portable, and it is incompatible with existing applications already using the gs segment selector for other purposes. Benchmarking various approaches for reading the current CPU number: ARMv7 Processor rev 4 (v7l) Machine model: Cubietruck - Baseline (empty loop): 8.4 ns - Read CPU from rseq cpu_id: 16.7 ns - Read CPU from rseq cpu_id (lazy register): 19.8 ns - glibc 2.19-0ubuntu6.6 getcpu: 301.8 ns - getcpu system call: 234.9 ns x86-64 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v3 @ 2.40GHz: - Baseline (empty loop): 0.8 ns - Read CPU from rseq cpu_id: 0.8 ns - Read CPU from rseq cpu_id (lazy register): 0.8 ns - Read using gs segment selector: 0.8 ns - "lsl" inline assembly: 13.0 ns - glibc 2.19-0ubuntu6 getcpu: 16.6 ns - getcpu system call: 53.9 ns - Speed (benchmark taken on v8 of patchset) Running 10 runs of hackbench -l 100000 seems to indicate, contrary to expectations, that enabling CONFIG_RSEQ slightly accelerates the scheduler: Configuration: 2 sockets * 8-core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v3 @ 2.40GHz (directly on hardware, hyperthreading disabled in BIOS, energy saving disabled in BIOS, turboboost disabled in BIOS, cpuidle.off=1 kernel parameter), with a Linux v4.6 defconfig+localyesconfig, restartable sequences series applied. * CONFIG_RSEQ=n avg.: 41.37 s std.dev.: 0.36 s * CONFIG_RSEQ=y avg.: 40.46 s std.dev.: 0.33 s - Size On x86-64, between CONFIG_RSEQ=n/y, the text size increase of vmlinux is 567 bytes, and the data size increase of vmlinux is 5696 bytes. [1] https://lwn.net/Articles/650333/ [2] http://www.linuxplumbersconf.org/2013/ocw/system/presentations/1695/original/LPC%20-%20PerCpu%20Atomics.pdf Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Dave Watson <davejwatson@fb.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Chris Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Andrew Hunter <ahh@google.com> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: "Paul E . McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com> Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com> Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Ben Maurer <bmaurer@fb.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-api@vger.kernel.org Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20151027235635.16059.11630.stgit@pjt-glaptop.roam.corp.google.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150624222609.6116.86035.stgit@kitami.mtv.corp.google.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180602124408.8430-3-mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com
2018-06-05Merge tag 'pm-4.18-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm Pull power management updates from Rafael Wysocki: "These include a significant update of the generic power domains (genpd) and Operating Performance Points (OPP) frameworks, mostly related to the introduction of power domain performance levels, cpufreq updates (new driver for Qualcomm Kryo processors, updates of the existing drivers, some core fixes, schedutil governor improvements), PCI power management fixes, ACPI workaround for EC-based wakeup events handling on resume from suspend-to-idle, and major updates of the turbostat and pm-graph utilities. Specifics: - Introduce power domain performance levels into the the generic power domains (genpd) and Operating Performance Points (OPP) frameworks (Viresh Kumar, Rajendra Nayak, Dan Carpenter). - Fix two issues in the runtime PM framework related to the initialization and removal of devices using device links (Ulf Hansson). - Clean up the initialization of drivers for devices in PM domains (Ulf Hansson, Geert Uytterhoeven). - Fix a cpufreq core issue related to the policy sysfs interface causing CPU online to fail for CPUs sharing one cpufreq policy in some situations (Tao Wang). - Make it possible to use platform-specific suspend/resume hooks in the cpufreq-dt driver and make the Armada 37xx DVFS use that feature (Viresh Kumar, Miquel Raynal). - Optimize policy transition notifications in cpufreq (Viresh Kumar). - Improve the iowait boost mechanism in the schedutil cpufreq governor (Patrick Bellasi). - Improve the handling of deferred frequency updates in the schedutil cpufreq governor (Joel Fernandes, Dietmar Eggemann, Rafael Wysocki, Viresh Kumar). - Add a new cpufreq driver for Qualcomm Kryo (Ilia Lin). - Fix and clean up some cpufreq drivers (Colin Ian King, Dmitry Osipenko, Doug Smythies, Luc Van Oostenryck, Simon Horman, Viresh Kumar). - Fix the handling of PCI devices with the DPM_SMART_SUSPEND flag set and update stale comments in the PCI core PM code (Rafael Wysocki). - Work around an issue related to the handling of EC-based wakeup events in the ACPI PM core during resume from suspend-to-idle if the EC has been put into the low-power mode (Rafael Wysocki). - Improve the handling of wakeup source objects in the PM core (Doug Berger, Mahendran Ganesh, Rafael Wysocki). - Update the driver core to prevent deferred probe from breaking suspend/resume ordering (Feng Kan). - Clean up the PM core somewhat (Bjorn Helgaas, Ulf Hansson, Rafael Wysocki). - Make the core suspend/resume code and cpufreq support the RT patch (Sebastian Andrzej Siewior, Thomas Gleixner). - Consolidate the PM QoS handling in cpuidle governors (Rafael Wysocki). - Fix a possible crash in the hibernation core (Tetsuo Handa). - Update the rockchip-io Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS) driver (David Wu). - Update the turbostat utility (fixes, cleanups, new CPU IDs, new command line options, built-in "Low Power Idle" counters support, new POLL and POLL% columns) and add an entry for it to MAINTAINERS (Len Brown, Artem Bityutskiy, Chen Yu, Laura Abbott, Matt Turner, Prarit Bhargava, Srinivas Pandruvada). - Update the pm-graph to version 5.1 (Todd Brandt). - Update the intel_pstate_tracer utility (Doug Smythies)" * tag 'pm-4.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (128 commits) tools/power turbostat: update version number tools/power turbostat: Add Node in output tools/power turbostat: add node information into turbostat calculations tools/power turbostat: remove num_ from cpu_topology struct tools/power turbostat: rename num_cores_per_pkg to num_cores_per_node tools/power turbostat: track thread ID in cpu_topology tools/power turbostat: Calculate additional node information for a package tools/power turbostat: Fix node and siblings lookup data tools/power turbostat: set max_num_cpus equal to the cpumask length tools/power turbostat: if --num_iterations, print for specific number of iterations tools/power turbostat: Add Cannon Lake support tools/power turbostat: delete duplicate #defines x86: msr-index.h: Correct SNB_C1/C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE defines tools/power turbostat: Correct SNB_C1/C3_AUTO_UNDEMOTE defines tools/power turbostat: add POLL and POLL% column tools/power turbostat: Fix --hide Pk%pc10 tools/power turbostat: Build-in "Low Power Idle" counters support tools/power turbostat: Don't make man pages executable tools/power turbostat: remove blank lines tools/power turbostat: a small C-states dump readability immprovement ...
2018-06-04Merge branch 'sched-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar: - power-aware scheduling improvements (Patrick Bellasi) - NUMA balancing improvements (Mel Gorman) - vCPU scheduling fixes (Rohit Jain) * 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: sched/fair: Update util_est before updating schedutil sched/cpufreq: Modify aggregate utilization to always include blocked FAIR utilization sched/deadline/Documentation: Add overrun signal and GRUB-PA documentation sched/core: Distinguish between idle_cpu() calls based on desired effect, introduce available_idle_cpu() sched/wait: Include <linux/wait.h> in <linux/swait.h> sched/numa: Stagger NUMA balancing scan periods for new threads sched/core: Don't schedule threads on pre-empted vCPUs sched/fair: Avoid calling sync_entity_load_avg() unnecessarily sched/fair: Rearrange select_task_rq_fair() to optimize it
2018-06-04Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar: - updates to the handling of expedited grace periods - updates to reduce lock contention in the rcu_node combining tree [ These are in preparation for the consolidation of RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched into a single flavor, which was requested by Linus in response to a security flaw whose root cause included confusion between the multiple flavors of RCU ] - torture-test updates that save their users some time and effort - miscellaneous fixes * 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (44 commits) rcu/x86: Provide early rcu_cpu_starting() callback torture: Make kvm-find-errors.sh find build warnings rcutorture: Abbreviate kvm.sh summary lines rcutorture: Print end-of-test state in kvm.sh summary rcutorture: Print end-of-test state torture: Fold parse-torture.sh into parse-console.sh torture: Add a script to edit output from failed runs rcu: Update list of rcu_future_grace_period() trace events rcu: Drop early GP request check from rcu_gp_kthread() rcu: Simplify and inline cpu_needs_another_gp() rcu: The rcu_gp_cleanup() function does not need cpu_needs_another_gp() rcu: Make rcu_start_this_gp() check for out-of-range requests rcu: Add funnel locking to rcu_start_this_gp() rcu: Make rcu_start_future_gp() caller select grace period rcu: Inline rcu_start_gp_advanced() into rcu_start_future_gp() rcu: Clear request other than RCU_GP_FLAG_INIT at GP end rcu: Cleanup, don't put ->completed into an int rcu: Switch __rcu_process_callbacks() to rcu_accelerate_cbs() rcu: Avoid __call_rcu_core() root rcu_node ->lock acquisition rcu: Make rcu_migrate_callbacks wake GP kthread when needed ...
2018-06-04Merge branch 'hch.procfs' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull procfs updates from Al Viro: "Christoph's proc_create_... cleanups series" * 'hch.procfs' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (44 commits) xfs, proc: hide unused xfs procfs helpers isdn/gigaset: add back gigaset_procinfo assignment proc: update SIZEOF_PDE_INLINE_NAME for the new pde fields tty: replace ->proc_fops with ->proc_show ide: replace ->proc_fops with ->proc_show ide: remove ide_driver_proc_write isdn: replace ->proc_fops with ->proc_show atm: switch to proc_create_seq_private atm: simplify procfs code bluetooth: switch to proc_create_seq_data netfilter/x_tables: switch to proc_create_seq_private netfilter/xt_hashlimit: switch to proc_create_{seq,single}_data neigh: switch to proc_create_seq_data hostap: switch to proc_create_{seq,single}_data bonding: switch to proc_create_seq_data rtc/proc: switch to proc_create_single_data drbd: switch to proc_create_single resource: switch to proc_create_seq_data staging/rtl8192u: simplify procfs code jfs: simplify procfs code ...
2018-06-04Merge branches 'pm-cpufreq-sched' and 'pm-cpuidle'Rafael J. Wysocki
* pm-cpufreq-sched: cpufreq: schedutil: Avoid missing updates for one-CPU policies schedutil: Allow cpufreq requests to be made even when kthread kicked cpufreq: Rename cpufreq_can_do_remote_dvfs() cpufreq: schedutil: Cleanup and document iowait boost cpufreq: schedutil: Fix iowait boost reset cpufreq: schedutil: Don't set next_freq to UINT_MAX Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Don't restrict kthread to related_cpus unnecessarily" * pm-cpuidle: cpuidle: governors: Consolidate PM QoS handling cpuidle: governors: Drop redundant checks related to PM QoS
2018-05-31sched/headers: Fix typoDavidlohr Bueso
I cannot spell 'throttling'. Signed-off-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180530224940.17839-1-dave@stgolabs.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-31sched/deadline: Fix missing clock updateJuri Lelli
A missing clock update is causing the following warning: rq->clock_update_flags < RQCF_ACT_SKIP WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 0 at kernel/sched/sched.h:963 inactive_task_timer+0x5d6/0x720 Call Trace: <IRQ> __hrtimer_run_queues+0x10f/0x530 hrtimer_interrupt+0xe5/0x240 smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x79/0x2b0 apic_timer_interrupt+0xf/0x20 </IRQ> do_idle+0x203/0x280 cpu_startup_entry+0x6f/0x80 start_secondary+0x1b0/0x200 secondary_startup_64+0xa5/0xb0 hardirqs last enabled at (793919): [<ffffffffa27c5f6e>] cpuidle_enter_state+0x9e/0x360 hardirqs last disabled at (793920): [<ffffffffa2a0096e>] interrupt_entry+0xce/0xe0 softirqs last enabled at (793922): [<ffffffffa20bef78>] irq_enter+0x68/0x70 softirqs last disabled at (793921): [<ffffffffa20bef5d>] irq_enter+0x4d/0x70 This happens because inactive_task_timer() calls sub_running_bw() (if TASK_DEAD and non_contending) that might trigger a schedutil update, which might access the clock. Clock is however currently updated only later in inactive_task_timer() function. Fix the problem by updating the clock right after task_rq_lock(). Reported-by: kernel test robot <xiaolong.ye@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Claudio Scordino <claudio@evidence.eu.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Luca Abeni <luca.abeni@santannapisa.it> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180530160809.9074-1-juri.lelli@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-31sched/core: Require cpu_active() in select_task_rq(), for user tasksPaul Burton
select_task_rq() is used in a few paths to select the CPU upon which a thread should be run - for example it is used by try_to_wake_up() & by fork or exec balancing. As-is it allows use of any online CPU that is present in the task's cpus_allowed mask. This presents a problem because there is a period whilst CPUs are brought online where a CPU is marked online, but is not yet fully initialized - ie. the period where CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE <= state < CPUHP_ONLINE. Usually we don't run any user tasks during this window, but there are corner cases where this can happen. An example observed is: - Some user task A, running on CPU X, forks to create task B. - sched_fork() calls __set_task_cpu() with cpu=X, setting task B's task_struct::cpu field to X. - CPU X is offlined. - Task A, currently somewhere between the __set_task_cpu() in copy_process() and the call to wake_up_new_task(), is migrated to CPU Y by migrate_tasks() when CPU X is offlined. - CPU X is onlined, but still in the CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE state. The scheduler is now active on CPU X, but there are no user tasks on the runqueue. - Task A runs on CPU Y & reaches wake_up_new_task(). This calls select_task_rq() with cpu=X, taken from task B's task_struct, and select_task_rq() allows CPU X to be returned. - Task A enqueues task B on CPU X's runqueue, via activate_task() & enqueue_task(). - CPU X now has a user task on its runqueue before it has reached the CPUHP_ONLINE state. In most cases, the user tasks that schedule on the newly onlined CPU have no idea that anything went wrong, but one case observed to be problematic is if the task goes on to invoke the sched_setaffinity syscall. The newly onlined CPU reaches the CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE state before the CPU that brought it online calls stop_machine_unpark(). This means that for a portion of the window of time between CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE & CPUHP_ONLINE the newly onlined CPU's struct cpu_stopper has its enabled field set to false. If a user thread is executed on the CPU during this window and it invokes sched_setaffinity with a CPU mask that does not include the CPU it's running on, then when __set_cpus_allowed_ptr() calls stop_one_cpu() intending to invoke migration_cpu_stop() and perform the actual migration away from the CPU it will simply return -ENOENT rather than calling migration_cpu_stop(). We then return from the sched_setaffinity syscall back to the user task that is now running on a CPU which it just asked not to run on, and which is not present in its cpus_allowed mask. This patch resolves the problem by having select_task_rq() enforce that user tasks run on CPUs that are active - the same requirement that select_fallback_rq() already enforces. This should ensure that newly onlined CPUs reach the CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE state before being able to schedule user tasks, and also implies that bringup_wait_for_ap() will have called stop_machine_unpark() which resolves the sched_setaffinity issue above. I haven't yet investigated them, but it may be of interest to review whether any of the actions performed by hotplug states between CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_IDLE & CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE could have similar unintended effects on user tasks that might schedule before they are reached, which might widen the scope of the problem from just affecting the behaviour of sched_setaffinity. Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@mips.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180526154648.11635-2-paul.burton@mips.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-31sched/core: Fix rules for running on online && !active CPUsPeter Zijlstra
As already enforced by the WARN() in __set_cpus_allowed_ptr(), the rules for running on an online && !active CPU are stricter than just being a kthread, you need to be a per-cpu kthread. If you're not strictly per-CPU, you have better CPUs to run on and don't need the partially booted one to get your work done. The exception is to allow smpboot threads to bootstrap the CPU itself and get kernel 'services' initialized before we allow userspace on it. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Fixes: 955dbdf4ce87 ("sched: Allow migrating kthreads into online but inactive CPUs") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170725165821.cejhb7v2s3kecems@hirez.programming.kicks-ass.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-25sched/fair: Update util_est before updating schedutilPatrick Bellasi
When a task is enqueued the estimated utilization of a CPU is updated to better support the selection of the required frequency. However, schedutil is (implicitly) updated by update_load_avg() which always happens before util_est_{en,de}queue(), thus potentially introducing a latency between estimated utilization updates and frequency selections. Let's update util_est at the beginning of enqueue_task_fair(), which will ensure that all schedutil updates will see the most updated estimated utilization value for a CPU. Reported-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Acked-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Morten Rasmussen <morten.rasmussen@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J . Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Cc: Steve Muckle <smuckle@google.com> Fixes: 7f65ea42eb00 ("sched/fair: Add util_est on top of PELT") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180524141023.13765-3-patrick.bellasi@arm.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-25sched/cpufreq: Modify aggregate utilization to always include blocked FAIR ↵Patrick Bellasi
utilization Since the refactoring introduced by: commit 8f111bc357aa ("cpufreq/schedutil: Rewrite CPUFREQ_RT support") we aggregate FAIR utilization only if this class has runnable tasks. This was mainly due to avoid the risk to stay on an high frequency just because of the blocked utilization of a CPU not being properly decayed while the CPU was idle. However, since: commit 31e77c93e432 ("sched/fair: Update blocked load when newly idle") the FAIR blocked utilization is properly decayed also for IDLE CPUs. This allows us to use the FAIR blocked utilization as a safe mechanism to gracefully reduce the frequency only if no FAIR tasks show up on a CPU for a reasonable period of time. Moreover, we also reduce the frequency drops of CPUs running periodic tasks which, depending on the task periodicity and the time required for a frequency switch, was increasing the chances to introduce some undesirable performance variations. Reported-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Tested-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Acked-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Joel Fernandes <joelaf@google.com> Cc: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Morten Rasmussen <morten.rasmussen@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Rafael J . Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Cc: Steve Muckle <smuckle@google.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180524141023.13765-2-patrick.bellasi@arm.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-25Merge branch 'sched/urgent' into sched/core, to pick up fixesIngo Molnar
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-25sched/topology: Clarify root domain(s) debug stringJuri Lelli
When scheduler debug is enabled, building scheduling domains outputs information about how the domains are laid out and to which root domain each CPU (or sets of CPUs) belongs, e.g.: CPU0 attaching sched-domain(s): domain-0: span=0-5 level=MC groups: 0:{ span=0 }, 1:{ span=1 }, 2:{ span=2 }, 3:{ span=3 }, 4:{ span=4 }, 5:{ span=5 } CPU1 attaching sched-domain(s): domain-0: span=0-5 level=MC groups: 1:{ span=1 }, 2:{ span=2 }, 3:{ span=3 }, 4:{ span=4 }, 5:{ span=5 }, 0:{ span=0 } [...] span: 0-5 (max cpu_capacity = 1024) The fact that latest line refers to CPUs 0-5 root domain doesn't however look immediately obvious to me: one might wonder why span 0-5 is reported "again". Make it more clear by adding "root domain" to it, as to end with the following: CPU0 attaching sched-domain(s): domain-0: span=0-5 level=MC groups: 0:{ span=0 }, 1:{ span=1 }, 2:{ span=2 }, 3:{ span=3 }, 4:{ span=4 }, 5:{ span=5 } CPU1 attaching sched-domain(s): domain-0: span=0-5 level=MC groups: 1:{ span=1 }, 2:{ span=2 }, 3:{ span=3 }, 4:{ span=4 }, 5:{ span=5 }, 0:{ span=0 } [...] root domain span: 0-5 (max cpu_capacity = 1024) Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180524152936.17611-1-juri.lelli@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-24cpufreq: schedutil: Avoid missing updates for one-CPU policiesRafael J. Wysocki
Commit 152db033d775 (schedutil: Allow cpufreq requests to be made even when kthread kicked) made changes to prevent utilization updates from being discarded during processing a previous request, but it left a small window in which that still can happen in the one-CPU policy case. Namely, updates coming in after setting work_in_progress in sugov_update_commit() and clearing it in sugov_work() will still be dropped due to the work_in_progress check in sugov_update_single(). To close that window, rearrange the code so as to acquire the update lock around the deferred update branch in sugov_update_single() and drop the work_in_progress check from it. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Reviewed-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
2018-05-23schedutil: Allow cpufreq requests to be made even when kthread kickedJoel Fernandes (Google)
Currently there is a chance of a schedutil cpufreq update request to be dropped if there is a pending update request. This pending request can be delayed if there is a scheduling delay of the irq_work and the wake up of the schedutil governor kthread. A very bad scenario is when a schedutil request was already just made, such as to reduce the CPU frequency, then a newer request to increase CPU frequency (even sched deadline urgent frequency increase requests) can be dropped, even though the rate limits suggest that its Ok to process a request. This is because of the way the work_in_progress flag is used. This patch improves the situation by allowing new requests to happen even though the old one is still being processed. Note that in this approach, if an irq_work was already issued, we just update next_freq and don't bother to queue another request so there's no extra work being done to make this happen. Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Acked-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-23cpufreq: Rename cpufreq_can_do_remote_dvfs()Viresh Kumar
This routine checks if the CPU running this code belongs to the policy of the target CPU or if not, can it do remote DVFS for it remotely. But the current name of it implies as if it is only about doing remote updates. Rename it to make it more relevant. Suggested-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-22cpufreq: schedutil: Cleanup and document iowait boostPatrick Bellasi
The iowait boosting code has been recently updated to add a progressive boosting behavior which allows to be less aggressive in boosting tasks doing only sporadic IO operations, thus being more energy efficient for example on mobile platforms. The current code is now however a bit convoluted. Some functionalities (e.g. iowait boost reset) are replicated in different paths and their documentation is slightly misaligned. Let's cleanup the code by consolidating all the IO wait boosting related functionality within within few dedicated functions and better define their role: - sugov_iowait_boost: set/increase the IO wait boost of a CPU - sugov_iowait_apply: apply/reduce the IO wait boost of a CPU Both these two function are used at every sugov update and they make use of a unified IO wait boost reset policy provided by: - sugov_iowait_reset: reset/disable the IO wait boost of a CPU if a CPU is not updated for more then one tick This makes possible a cleaner and more self-contained design for the IO wait boosting code since the rest of the sugov update routines, both for single and shared frequency domains, follow the same template: /* Configure IO boost, if required */ sugov_iowait_boost() /* Return here if freq change is in progress or throttled */ /* Collect and aggregate utilization information */ sugov_get_util() sugov_aggregate_util() /* * Add IO boost, if currently enabled, on top of the aggregated * utilization value */ sugov_iowait_apply() As a extra bonus, let's also add the documentation for the new functions and better align the in-code documentation. Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-22cpufreq: schedutil: Fix iowait boost resetPatrick Bellasi
A more energy efficient update of the IO wait boosting mechanism has been introduced in: commit a5a0809bc58e ("cpufreq: schedutil: Make iowait boost more energy efficient") where the boost value is expected to be: - doubled at each successive wakeup from IO staring from the minimum frequency supported by a CPU - reset when a CPU is not updated for more then one tick by either disabling the IO wait boost or resetting its value to the minimum frequency if this new update requires an IO boost. This approach is supposed to "ignore" boosting for sporadic wakeups from IO, while still getting the frequency boosted to the maximum to benefit long sequence of wakeup from IO operations. However, these assumptions are not always satisfied. For example, when an IO boosted CPU enters idle for more the one tick and then wakes up after an IO wait, since in sugov_set_iowait_boost() we first check the IOWAIT flag, we keep doubling the iowait boost instead of restarting from the minimum frequency value. This misbehavior could happen mainly on non-shared frequency domains, thus defeating the energy efficiency optimization, but it can also happen on shared frequency domain systems. Let fix this issue in sugov_set_iowait_boost() by: - first check the IO wait boost reset conditions to eventually reset the boost value - then applying the correct IO boost value if required by the caller Fixes: a5a0809bc58e (cpufreq: schedutil: Make iowait boost more energy efficient) Reported-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-18sched/deadline: Make the grub_reclaim() function staticMathieu Malaterre
Since the grub_reclaim() function can be made static, make it so. Silences the following GCC warning (W=1): kernel/sched/deadline.c:1120:5: warning: no previous prototype for ‘grub_reclaim’ [-Wmissing-prototypes] Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180516200902.959-1-malat@debian.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-18sched/debug: Move the print_rt_rq() and print_dl_rq() declarations to ↵Mathieu Malaterre
kernel/sched/sched.h In the following commit: 6b55c9654fcc ("sched/debug: Move print_cfs_rq() declaration to kernel/sched/sched.h") the print_cfs_rq() prototype was added to <kernel/sched/sched.h>, right next to the prototypes for print_cfs_stats(), print_rt_stats() and print_dl_stats(). Finish this previous commit and also move related prototypes for print_rt_rq() and print_dl_rq(). Remove existing extern declarations now that they not needed anymore. Silences the following GCC warning, triggered by W=1: kernel/sched/debug.c:573:6: warning: no previous prototype for ‘print_rt_rq’ [-Wmissing-prototypes] kernel/sched/debug.c:603:6: warning: no previous prototype for ‘print_dl_rq’ [-Wmissing-prototypes] Signed-off-by: Mathieu Malaterre <malat@debian.org> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180516195348.30426-1-malat@debian.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-16Merge branch 'for-mingo' of ↵Ingo Molnar
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu - Updates to the handling of expedited grace periods, perhaps most notably parallelizing their initialization. Other changes include fixes from Boqun Feng. - Miscellaneous fixes. These include an nvme fix from Nitzan Carmi that I am carrying because it depends on a new SRCU function cleanup_srcu_struct_quiesced(). This branch also includes fixes from Byungchul Park and Yury Norov. - Updates to reduce lock contention in the rcu_node combining tree. These are in preparation for the consolidation of RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched into a single flavor, which was requested by Linus Torvalds in response to a security flaw whose root cause included confusion between the multiple flavors of RCU. - Torture-test updates that save their users some time and effort. Conflicts: drivers/nvme/host/core.c Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-16proc: introduce proc_create_seq{,_data}Christoph Hellwig
Variants of proc_create{,_data} that directly take a struct seq_operations argument and drastically reduces the boilerplate code in the callers. All trivial callers converted over. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2018-05-15softirq: Eliminate unused cond_resched_softirq() macroPaul E. McKenney
The cond_resched_softirq() macro is not used anywhere in mainline, so this commit simplifies the kernel by eliminating it. Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Tested-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
2018-05-15cpufreq: schedutil: Don't set next_freq to UINT_MAXViresh Kumar
The schedutil driver sets sg_policy->next_freq to UINT_MAX on certain occasions to discard the cached value of next freq: - In sugov_start(), when the schedutil governor is started for a group of CPUs. - And whenever we need to force a freq update before rate-limit duration, which happens when: - there is an update in cpufreq policy limits. - Or when the utilization of DL scheduling class increases. In return, get_next_freq() doesn't return a cached next_freq value but recalculates the next frequency instead. But having special meaning for a particular value of frequency makes the code less readable and error prone. We recently fixed a bug where the UINT_MAX value was considered as valid frequency in sugov_update_single(). All we need is a flag which can be used to discard the value of sg_policy->next_freq and we already have need_freq_update for that. Lets reuse it instead of setting next_freq to UINT_MAX. Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-15Revert "cpufreq: schedutil: Don't restrict kthread to related_cpus ↵Dietmar Eggemann
unnecessarily" This reverts commit e2cabe48c20efb174ce0c01190f8b9c5f3ea1d13. Lifting the restriction that the sugov kthread is bound to the policy->related_cpus for a system with a slow switching cpufreq driver, which is able to perform DVFS from any cpu (e.g. cpufreq-dt), is not only not beneficial it also harms Enery-Aware Scheduling (EAS) on systems with asymmetric cpu capacities (e.g. Arm big.LITTLE). The sugov kthread which does the update for the little cpus could potentially run on a big cpu. It could prevent that the big cluster goes into deeper idle states although all the tasks are running on the little cluster. Example: hikey960 w/ 4.16.0-rc6-+ Arm big.LITTLE with per-cluster DVFS root@h960:~# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "^CPU part" CPU part : 0xd03 (Cortex-A53, little cpu) CPU part : 0xd03 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU part : 0xd03 CPU part : 0xd09 (Cortex-A73, big cpu) CPU part : 0xd09 CPU part : 0xd09 CPU part : 0xd09 root@h960:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq# ls policy0 policy4 schedutil root@h960:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq# cat policy*/related_cpus 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (1) w/o the revert: root@h960:~# ps -eo pid,class,rtprio,pri,psr,comm | awk 'NR == 1 || /sugov/' PID CLS RTPRIO PRI PSR COMMAND 1489 #6 0 140 1 sugov:0 1490 #6 0 140 0 sugov:4 The sugov kthread sugov:4 responsible for policy4 runs on cpu0. (In this case both sugov kthreads run on little cpus). cross policy (cluster) remote callback example: ... migration/1-14 [001] enqueue_task_fair: this_cpu=1 cpu_of(rq)=5 migration/1-14 [001] sugov_update_shared: this_cpu=1 sg_cpu->cpu=5 sg_cpu->sg_policy->policy->related_cpus=4-7 sugov:4-1490 [000] sugov_work: this_cpu=0 sg_cpu->sg_policy->policy->related_cpus=4-7 ... The remote callback (this_cpu=1, target_cpu=5) is executed on cpu=0. (2) w/ the revert: root@h960:~# ps -eo pid,class,rtprio,pri,psr,comm | awk 'NR == 1 || /sugov/' PID CLS RTPRIO PRI PSR COMMAND 1491 #6 0 140 2 sugov:0 1492 #6 0 140 4 sugov:4 The sugov kthread sugov:4 responsible for policy4 runs on cpu4. cross policy (cluster) remote callback example: ... migration/1-14 [001] enqueue_task_fair: this_cpu=1 cpu_of(rq)=7 migration/1-14 [001] sugov_update_shared: this_cpu=1 sg_cpu->cpu=7 sg_cpu->sg_policy->policy->related_cpus=4-7 sugov:4-1492 [004] sugov_work: this_cpu=4 sg_cpu->sg_policy->policy->related_cpus=4-7 ... The remote callback (this_cpu=1, target_cpu=7) is executed on cpu=4. Now the sugov kthread executes again on the policy (cluster) for which the Operating Performance Point (OPP) should be changed. It avoids the problem that an otherwise idle policy (cluster) is running schedutil (the sugov kthread) for another one. Signed-off-by: Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-14sched/core: Distinguish between idle_cpu() calls based on desired effect, ↵Rohit Jain
introduce available_idle_cpu() In the following commit: 247f2f6f3c70 ("sched/core: Don't schedule threads on pre-empted vCPUs") ... we distinguish between idle_cpu() when the vCPU is not running for scheduling threads. However, the idle_cpu() function is used in other places for actually checking whether the state of the CPU is idle or not. Hence split the use of that function based on the desired return value, by introducing the available_idle_cpu() function. This fixes a (slight) regression in that initial vCPU commit, because some code paths (like the load-balancer) don't care and shouldn't care if the vCPU is preempted or not, they just want to know if there's any tasks on the CPU. Signed-off-by: Rohit Jain <rohit.k.jain@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: dhaval.giani@oracle.com Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Cc: matt@codeblueprint.co.uk Cc: steven.sistare@oracle.com Cc: subhra.mazumdar@oracle.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1525883988-10356-1-git-send-email-rohit.k.jain@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-14sched/numa: Stagger NUMA balancing scan periods for new threadsMel Gorman
Threads share an address space and each can change the protections of the same address space to trap NUMA faults. This is redundant and potentially counter-productive as any thread doing the update will suffice. Potentially only one thread is required but that thread may be idle or it may not have any locality concerns and pick an unsuitable scan rate. This patch uses independent scan period but they are staggered based on the number of address space users when the thread is created. The intent is that threads will avoid scanning at the same time and have a chance to adapt their scan rate later if necessary. This reduces the total scan activity early in the lifetime of the threads. The different in headline performance across a range of machines and workloads is marginal but the system CPU usage is reduced as well as overall scan activity. The following is the time reported by NAS Parallel Benchmark using unbound openmp threads and a D size class: 4.17.0-rc1 4.17.0-rc1 vanilla stagger-v1r1 Time bt.D 442.77 ( 0.00%) 419.70 ( 5.21%) Time cg.D 171.90 ( 0.00%) 180.85 ( -5.21%) Time ep.D 33.10 ( 0.00%) 32.90 ( 0.60%) Time is.D 9.59 ( 0.00%) 9.42 ( 1.77%) Time lu.D 306.75 ( 0.00%) 304.65 ( 0.68%) Time mg.D 54.56 ( 0.00%) 52.38 ( 4.00%) Time sp.D 1020.03 ( 0.00%) 903.77 ( 11.40%) Time ua.D 400.58 ( 0.00%) 386.49 ( 3.52%) Note it's not a universal win but we have no prior knowledge of which thread matters but the number of threads created often exceeds the size of the node when the threads are not bound. However, there is a reducation of overall system CPU usage: 4.17.0-rc1 4.17.0-rc1 vanilla stagger-v1r1 sys-time-bt.D 48.78 ( 0.00%) 48.22 ( 1.15%) sys-time-cg.D 25.31 ( 0.00%) 26.63 ( -5.22%) sys-time-ep.D 1.65 ( 0.00%) 0.62 ( 62.42%) sys-time-is.D 40.05 ( 0.00%) 24.45 ( 38.95%) sys-time-lu.D 37.55 ( 0.00%) 29.02 ( 22.72%) sys-time-mg.D 47.52 ( 0.00%) 34.92 ( 26.52%) sys-time-sp.D 119.01 ( 0.00%) 109.05 ( 8.37%) sys-time-ua.D 51.52 ( 0.00%) 45.13 ( 12.40%) NUMA scan activity is also reduced: NUMA alloc local 1042828 1342670 NUMA base PTE updates 140481138 93577468 NUMA huge PMD updates 272171 180766 NUMA page range updates 279832690 186129660 NUMA hint faults 1395972 1193897 NUMA hint local faults 877925 855053 NUMA hint local percent 62 71 NUMA pages migrated 12057909 9158023 Similar observations are made for other thread-intensive workloads. System CPU usage is lower even though the headline gains in performance tend to be small. For example, specjbb 2005 shows almost no difference in performance but scan activity is reduced by a third on a 4-socket box. I didn't find a workload (thread intensive or otherwise) that suffered badly. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180504154109.mvrha2qo5wdl65vr@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-14Merge tag 'v4.17-rc5' into sched/core, to pick up fixes and dependenciesIngo Molnar
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-13Merge branch 'x86-pti-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull x86/pti updates from Thomas Gleixner: "A mixed bag of fixes and updates for the ghosts which are hunting us. The scheduler fixes have been pulled into that branch to avoid conflicts. - A set of fixes to address a khread_parkme() race which caused lost wakeups and loss of state. - A deadlock fix for stop_machine() solved by moving the wakeups outside of the stopper_lock held region. - A set of Spectre V1 array access restrictions. The possible problematic spots were discuvered by Dan Carpenters new checks in smatch. - Removal of an unused file which was forgotten when the rest of that functionality was removed" * 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: x86/vdso: Remove unused file perf/x86/cstate: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for pkg_msr perf/x86/msr: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing in the MSR driver perf/x86: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for x86_pmu::event_map() perf/x86: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for hw_perf_event cache_* perf/core: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for ->aux_pages[] sched/autogroup: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for sched_prio_to_weight[] sched/core: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for sched_prio_to_weight[] sched/core: Introduce set_special_state() kthread, sched/wait: Fix kthread_parkme() completion issue kthread, sched/wait: Fix kthread_parkme() wait-loop sched/fair: Fix the update of blocked load when newly idle stop_machine, sched: Fix migrate_swap() vs. active_balance() deadlock
2018-05-13Merge branch 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull scheduler fix from Thomas Gleixner: "Revert the new NUMA aware placement approach which turned out to create more problems than it solved" * 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: Revert "sched/numa: Delay retrying placement for automatic NUMA balance after wake_affine()"
2018-05-12Revert "sched/numa: Delay retrying placement for automatic NUMA balance ↵Mel Gorman
after wake_affine()" This reverts commit 7347fc87dfe6b7315e74310ee1243dc222c68086. Srikar Dronamra pointed out that while the commit in question did show a performance improvement on ppc64, it did so at the cost of disabling active CPU migration by automatic NUMA balancing which was not the intent. The issue was that a serious flaw in the logic failed to ever active balance if SD_WAKE_AFFINE was disabled on scheduler domains. Even when it's enabled, the logic is still bizarre and against the original intent. Investigation showed that fixing the patch in either the way he suggested, using the correct comparison for jiffies values or introducing a new numa_migrate_deferred variable in task_struct all perform similarly to a revert with a mix of gains and losses depending on the workload, machine and socket count. The original intent of the commit was to handle a problem whereby wake_affine, idle balancing and automatic NUMA balancing disagree on the appropriate placement for a task. This was particularly true for cases where a single task was a massive waker of tasks but where wake_wide logic did not apply. This was particularly noticeable when a futex (a barrier) woke all worker threads and tried pulling the wakees to the waker nodes. In that specific case, it could be handled by tuning MPI or openMP appropriately, but the behavior is not illogical and was worth attempting to fix. However, the approach was wrong. Given that we're at rc4 and a fix is not obvious, it's better to play safe, revert this commit and retry later. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: efault@gmx.de Cc: ggherdovich@suse.cz Cc: hpa@zytor.com Cc: matt@codeblueprint.co.uk Cc: mpe@ellerman.id.au Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180509163115.6fnnyeg4vdm2ct4v@techsingularity.net Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-09cpufreq: schedutil: Avoid using invalid next_freqRafael J. Wysocki
If the next_freq field of struct sugov_policy is set to UINT_MAX, it shouldn't be used for updating the CPU frequency (this is a special "invalid" value), but after commit b7eaf1aab9f8 (cpufreq: schedutil: Avoid reducing frequency of busy CPUs prematurely) it may be passed as the new frequency to sugov_update_commit() in sugov_update_single(). Fix that by adding an extra check for the special UINT_MAX value of next_freq to sugov_update_single(). Fixes: b7eaf1aab9f8 (cpufreq: schedutil: Avoid reducing frequency of busy CPUs prematurely) Reported-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Cc: 4.12+ <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 4.12+ Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-09cpufreq: schedutil: remove stale commentJuri Lelli
After commit 794a56ebd9a57 (sched/cpufreq: Change the worker kthread to SCHED_DEADLINE) schedutil kthreads are "ignored" for a clock frequency selection point of view, so the potential corner case for RT tasks is not possible at all now. Remove the stale comment mentioning it. Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
2018-05-05sched/autogroup: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for sched_prio_to_weight[]Peter Zijlstra
> kernel/sched/autogroup.c:230 proc_sched_autogroup_set_nice() warn: potential spectre issue 'sched_prio_to_weight' Userspace controls @nice, sanitize the array index. Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-05sched/core: Fix possible Spectre-v1 indexing for sched_prio_to_weight[]Peter Zijlstra
> kernel/sched/core.c:6921 cpu_weight_nice_write_s64() warn: potential spectre issue 'sched_prio_to_weight' Userspace controls @nice, so sanitize the value before using it to index an array. Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-04sched/core: Don't schedule threads on pre-empted vCPUsRohit Jain
In paravirt configurations today, spinlocks figure out whether a vCPU is running to determine whether or not spinlock should bother spinning. We can use the same logic to prioritize CPUs when scheduling threads. If a vCPU has been pre-empted, it will incur the extra cost of VMENTER and the time it actually spends to be running on the host CPU. If we had other vCPUs which were actually running on the host CPU and idle we should schedule threads there. Performance numbers: Note: With patch is referred to as Paravirt in the following and without patch is referred to as Base. 1) When only 1 VM is running: a) Hackbench test on KVM 8 vCPUs, 10,000 loops (lower is better): +-------+-----------------+----------------+ |Number |Paravirt |Base | |of +---------+-------+-------+--------+ |Threads|Average |Std Dev|Average| Std Dev| +-------+---------+-------+-------+--------+ |1 |1.817 |0.076 |1.721 | 0.067 | |2 |3.467 |0.120 |3.468 | 0.074 | |4 |6.266 |0.035 |6.314 | 0.068 | |8 |11.437 |0.105 |11.418 | 0.132 | |16 |21.862 |0.167 |22.161 | 0.129 | |25 |33.341 |0.326 |33.692 | 0.147 | +-------+---------+-------+-------+--------+ 2) When two VMs are running with same CPU affinities: a) tbench test on VM 8 cpus Base: VM1: Throughput 220.59 MB/sec 1 clients 1 procs max_latency=12.872 ms Throughput 448.716 MB/sec 2 clients 2 procs max_latency=7.555 ms Throughput 861.009 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=49.501 ms Throughput 1261.81 MB/sec 7 clients 7 procs max_latency=76.990 ms VM2: Throughput 219.937 MB/sec 1 clients 1 procs max_latency=12.517 ms Throughput 470.99 MB/sec 2 clients 2 procs max_latency=12.419 ms Throughput 841.299 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=37.043 ms Throughput 1240.78 MB/sec 7 clients 7 procs max_latency=77.489 ms Paravirt: VM1: Throughput 222.572 MB/sec 1 clients 1 procs max_latency=7.057 ms Throughput 485.993 MB/sec 2 clients 2 procs max_latency=26.049 ms Throughput 947.095 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=45.338 ms Throughput 1364.26 MB/sec 7 clients 7 procs max_latency=145.124 ms VM2: Throughput 224.128 MB/sec 1 clients 1 procs max_latency=4.564 ms Throughput 501.878 MB/sec 2 clients 2 procs max_latency=11.061 ms Throughput 965.455 MB/sec 4 clients 4 procs max_latency=45.370 ms Throughput 1359.08 MB/sec 7 clients 7 procs max_latency=168.053 ms b) Hackbench with 4 fd 1,000,000 loops +-------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+ |Number |Paravirt |Base | |of +----------+--------+---------+--------+----------+--------+---------+----------+ |Threads|Average1 |Std Dev1|Average2 | Std Dev|Average1 |Std Dev1|Average2 | Std Dev 2| +-------+----------+--------+---------+--------+----------+--------+---------+----------+ | 1 | 3.748 | 0.620 | 3.576 | 0.432 | 4.006 | 0.395 | 3.446 | 0.787 | +-------+----------+--------+---------+--------+----------+--------+---------+----------+ Note that this test was run just to show the interference effect over-subscription can have in baseline c) schbench results with 2 message groups on 8 vCPU VMs +-----------+-------+---------------+--------------+------------+ | | | Paravirt | Base | | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+ | |Threads| VM1 | VM2 | VM1 | VM2 |%Improvement| +-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+ |50.0000th | 1 | 52 | 53 | 58 | 54 | +6.25% | |75.0000th | 1 | 69 | 61 | 83 | 59 | +8.45% | |90.0000th | 1 | 80 | 80 | 89 | 83 | +6.98% | |95.0000th | 1 | 83 | 83 | 93 | 87 | +7.78% | |*99.0000th | 1 | 92 | 94 | 99 | 97 | +5.10% | |99.5000th | 1 | 95 | 100 | 102 | 103 | +4.88% | |99.9000th | 1 | 107 | 123 | 105 | 203 | +25.32% | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+ |50.0000th | 2 | 56 | 62 | 67 | 59 | +6.35% | |75.0000th | 2 | 69 | 75 | 80 | 71 | +4.64% | |90.0000th | 2 | 80 | 82 | 90 | 81 | +5.26% | |95.0000th | 2 | 85 | 87 | 97 | 91 | +8.51% | |*99.0000th | 2 | 98 | 99 | 107 | 109 | +8.79% | |99.5000th | 2 | 107 | 105 | 109 | 116 | +5.78% | |99.9000th | 2 | 9968 | 609 | 875 | 3116 | -165.02% | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+ |50.0000th | 4 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 79 | +1.27% | |75.0000th | 4 | 98 | 106 | 100 | 104 | 0.00% | |90.0000th | 4 | 987 | 1001 | 995 | 1015 | +1.09% | |95.0000th | 4 | 4136 | 5368 | 5752 | 5192 | +13.16% | |*99.0000th | 4 | 11632 | 11344 | 11024| 10736| -5.59% | |99.5000th | 4 | 12624 | 13040 | 12720| 12144| -3.22% | |99.9000th | 4 | 13168 | 18912 | 14992| 17824| +2.24% | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+------------+ Note: Improvement is measured for (VM1+VM2) Signed-off-by: Rohit Jain <rohit.k.jain@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: dhaval.giani@oracle.com Cc: matt@codeblueprint.co.uk Cc: steven.sistare@oracle.com Cc: subhra.mazumdar@oracle.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1525294330-7759-1-git-send-email-rohit.k.jain@oracle.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-04sched/fair: Avoid calling sync_entity_load_avg() unnecessarilyViresh Kumar
Call sync_entity_load_avg() directly from find_idlest_cpu() instead of select_task_rq_fair(), as that's where we need to use task's utilization value. And call sync_entity_load_avg() only after making sure sched domain spans over one of the allowed CPUs for the task. Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/cd019d1753824c81130eae7b43e2bbcec47cc1ad.1524738578.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-04sched/fair: Rearrange select_task_rq_fair() to optimize itViresh Kumar
Rearrange select_task_rq_fair() a bit to avoid executing some conditional statements in few specific code-paths. That gets rid of the goto as well. This shouldn't result in any functional changes. Tested-by: Rohit Jain <rohit.k.jain@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20831b8d237bf3a20e4e328286f678b425ff04c9.1524738578.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-04sched/core: Introduce set_special_state()Peter Zijlstra
Gaurav reported a perceived problem with TASK_PARKED, which turned out to be a broken wait-loop pattern in __kthread_parkme(), but the reported issue can (and does) in fact happen for states that do not do condition based sleeps. When the 'current->state = TASK_RUNNING' store of a previous (concurrent) try_to_wake_up() collides with the setting of a 'special' sleep state, we can loose the sleep state. Normal condition based wait-loops are immune to this problem, but for sleep states that are not condition based are subject to this problem. There already is a fix for TASK_DEAD. Abstract that and also apply it to TASK_STOPPED and TASK_TRACED, both of which are also without condition based wait-loop. Reported-by: Gaurav Kohli <gkohli@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-03kthread, sched/wait: Fix kthread_parkme() completion issuePeter Zijlstra
Even with the wait-loop fixed, there is a further issue with kthread_parkme(). Upon hotplug, when we do takedown_cpu(), smpboot_park_threads() can return before all those threads are in fact blocked, due to the placement of the complete() in __kthread_parkme(). When that happens, sched_cpu_dying() -> migrate_tasks() can end up migrating such a still runnable task onto another CPU. Normally the task will have hit schedule() and gone to sleep by the time we do kthread_unpark(), which will then do __kthread_bind() to re-bind the task to the correct CPU. However, when we loose the initial TASK_PARKED store to the concurrent wakeup issue described previously, do the complete(), get migrated, it is possible to either: - observe kthread_unpark()'s clearing of SHOULD_PARK and terminate the park and set TASK_RUNNING, or - __kthread_bind()'s wait_task_inactive() to observe the competing TASK_RUNNING store. Either way the WARN() in __kthread_bind() will trigger and fail to correctly set the CPU affinity. Fix this by only issuing the complete() when the kthread has scheduled out. This does away with all the icky 'still running' nonsense. The alternative is to promote TASK_PARKED to a special state, this guarantees wait_task_inactive() cannot observe a 'stale' TASK_RUNNING and we'll end up doing the right thing, but this preserves the whole icky business of potentially migating the still runnable thing. Reported-by: Gaurav Kohli <gkohli@codeaurora.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-05-03sched/fair: Fix the update of blocked load when newly idleVincent Guittot
With commit: 31e77c93e432 ("sched/fair: Update blocked load when newly idle") ... we release the rq->lock when updating blocked load of idle CPUs. This opens a time window during which another CPU can add a task to this CPU's cfs_rq. The check for newly added task of idle_balance() is not in the common path. Move the out label to include this check. Reported-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com> Tested-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be> Signed-off-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Fixes: 31e77c93e432 ("sched/fair: Update blocked load when newly idle") Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180426103133.GA6953@linaro.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-04-15Merge branch 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull scheduler fixes from Thomas Gleixner: "A few scheduler fixes: - Prevent a bogus warning vs. runqueue clock update flags in do_sched_rt_period_timer() - Simplify the helper functions which handle requests for skipping the runqueue clock updat. - Do not unlock the tunables mutex in the error path of the cpu frequency scheduler utils. Its not held. - Enforce proper alignement for 'struct util_est' in sched_avg to prevent a misalignment fault on IA64" * 'sched-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: sched/core: Force proper alignment of 'struct util_est' sched/core: Simplify helpers for rq clock update skip requests sched/rt: Fix rq->clock_update_flags < RQCF_ACT_SKIP warning sched/cpufreq/schedutil: Fix error path mutex unlock
2018-04-11Merge tag 'pm-4.17-rc1-2' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm Pull more power management updates from Rafael Wysocki: "These include one big-ticket item which is the rework of the idle loop in order to prevent CPUs from spending too much time in shallow idle states. It reduces idle power on some systems by 10% or more and may improve performance of workloads in which the idle loop overhead matters. This has been in the works for several weeks and it has been tested and reviewed quite thoroughly. Also included are changes that finalize the cpufreq cleanup moving frequency table validation from drivers to the core, a few fixes and cleanups of cpufreq drivers, a cpuidle documentation update and a PM QoS core update to mark the expected switch fall-throughs in it. Specifics: - Rework the idle loop in order to prevent CPUs from spending too much time in shallow idle states by making it stop the scheduler tick before putting the CPU into an idle state only if the idle duration predicted by the idle governor is long enough. That required the code to be reordered to invoke the idle governor before stopping the tick, among other things (Rafael Wysocki, Frederic Weisbecker, Arnd Bergmann). - Add the missing description of the residency sysfs attribute to the cpuidle documentation (Prashanth Prakash). - Finalize the cpufreq cleanup moving frequency table validation from drivers to the core (Viresh Kumar). - Fix a clock leak regression in the armada-37xx cpufreq driver (Gregory Clement). - Fix the initialization of the CPU performance data structures for shared policies in the CPPC cpufreq driver (Shunyong Yang). - Clean up the ti-cpufreq, intel_pstate and CPPC cpufreq drivers a bit (Viresh Kumar, Rafael Wysocki). - Mark the expected switch fall-throughs in the PM QoS core (Gustavo Silva)" * tag 'pm-4.17-rc1-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/linux-pm: (23 commits) tick-sched: avoid a maybe-uninitialized warning cpufreq: Drop cpufreq_table_validate_and_show() cpufreq: SCMI: Don't validate the frequency table twice cpufreq: CPPC: Initialize shared perf capabilities of CPUs cpufreq: armada-37xx: Fix clock leak cpufreq: CPPC: Don't set transition_latency cpufreq: ti-cpufreq: Use builtin_platform_driver() cpufreq: intel_pstate: Do not include debugfs.h PM / QoS: mark expected switch fall-throughs cpuidle: Add definition of residency to sysfs documentation time: hrtimer: Use timerqueue_iterate_next() to get to the next timer nohz: Avoid duplication of code related to got_idle_tick nohz: Gather tick_sched booleans under a common flag field cpuidle: menu: Avoid selecting shallow states with stopped tick cpuidle: menu: Refine idle state selection for running tick sched: idle: Select idle state before stopping the tick time: hrtimer: Introduce hrtimer_next_event_without() time: tick-sched: Split tick_nohz_stop_sched_tick() cpuidle: Return nohz hint from cpuidle_select() jiffies: Introduce USER_TICK_USEC and redefine TICK_USEC ...
2018-04-09sched: idle: Select idle state before stopping the tickRafael J. Wysocki
In order to address the issue with short idle duration predictions by the idle governor after the scheduler tick has been stopped, reorder the code in cpuidle_idle_call() so that the governor idle state selection runs before tick_nohz_idle_go_idle() and use the "nohz" hint returned by cpuidle_select() to decide whether or not to stop the tick. This isn't straightforward, because menu_select() invokes tick_nohz_get_sleep_length() to get the time to the next timer event and the number returned by the latter comes from __tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick(). Fortunately, however, it is possible to compute that number without actually stopping the tick and with the help of the existing code. Namely, tick_nohz_get_sleep_length() can be made call tick_nohz_next_event(), introduced earlier, to get the time to the next non-highres timer event. If that happens, tick_nohz_next_event() need not be called by __tick_nohz_idle_stop_tick() again. If it turns out that the scheduler tick cannot be stopped going forward or the next timer event is too close for the tick to be stopped, tick_nohz_get_sleep_length() can simply return the time to the next event currently programmed into the corresponding clock event device. In addition to knowing the return value of tick_nohz_next_event(), however, tick_nohz_get_sleep_length() needs to know the time to the next highres timer event, but with the scheduler tick timer excluded, which can be computed with the help of hrtimer_get_next_event(). That minimum of that number and the tick_nohz_next_event() return value is the total time to the next timer event with the assumption that the tick will be stopped. It can be returned to the idle governor which can use it for predicting idle duration (under the assumption that the tick will be stopped) and deciding whether or not it makes sense to stop the tick before putting the CPU into the selected idle state. With the above, the sleep_length field in struct tick_sched is not necessary any more, so drop it. Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=199227 Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net> Reported-by: Thomas Ilsche <thomas.ilsche@tu-dresden.de> Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
2018-04-06cpuidle: Return nohz hint from cpuidle_select()Rafael J. Wysocki
Add a new pointer argument to cpuidle_select() and to the ->select cpuidle governor callback to allow a boolean value indicating whether or not the tick should be stopped before entering the selected state to be returned from there. Make the ladder governor ignore that pointer (to preserve its current behavior) and make the menu governor return 'false" through it if: (1) the idle exit latency is constrained at 0, or (2) the selected state is a polling one, or (3) the expected idle period duration is within the tick period range. In addition to that, the correction factor computations in the menu governor need to take the possibility that the tick may not be stopped into account to avoid artificially small correction factor values. To that end, add a mechanism to record tick wakeups, as suggested by Peter Zijlstra, and use it to modify the menu_update() behavior when tick wakeup occurs. Namely, if the CPU is woken up by the tick and the return value of tick_nohz_get_sleep_length() is not within the tick boundary, the predicted idle duration is likely too short, so make menu_update() try to compensate for that by updating the governor statistics as though the CPU was idle for a long time. Since the value returned through the new argument pointer of cpuidle_select() is not used by its caller yet, this change by itself is not expected to alter the functionality of the code. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
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